An Exploratory Study of the Participation Stages in Trang Communities to Enhance Tourism Attractiveness
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Published
Dec 25, 2024
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Abstract
A key driving force of Thailand’s economy is the tourism and hospitality industry, in general and locally, across many varied tourism resource bases. This is especially true of community units which are ubiquitously recognized as a key element of tourism that can be utilized to improve a community’s economic status. This study aimed to explore the participation stages of the Trang community and examine the influence of community participation on tourism attractiveness. Quantitative research methods were used. We recruited 388 participants using purposive sampling in this study. The sample size consisted of Trang people over 18 years old, who had been living in the community for at least one year, and attended at least one activity provided by the community, gathered by face-to-face questionnaires. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was employed to test a statistical model to determine the influences of community participation on tourism attractiveness. Results revealed three explored participation stages in the context of the Trang community. In addition, the findings exhibited the positive influences of all three stages of community participation on tourism attractiveness. Community participation is an integral component of tourism development to enhance the tourism attractiveness of
a community. Yet, to date, few studies have been conducted to determine community participation’s influence on tourism in the context of Trang’s communities, which have shown to be key factors for enhancing tourism in other contexts. Thus, this research intends to eliminate this gap in academic knowledge and present useful discussions of the related implications based on the findings.
Keywords: Community Participation, Trang Province, Tourism Attractiveness, Exploratory Study
References
Adebayo, A. D., & Butcher, J. (2023). Community Empowerment in Nigeria’s Tourism Industry: An Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions. Tourism Planning & Development, 20(4), 583-603. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2127865
Adeyemo, A., & Bada, A. O. (2017). Assessing Local Community Participation in Tourism Planning and Development in Erin-Ijesha Waterfall Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 24, 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JTHS/article/view/35159
Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. (2007). Tourism and Socio-economic Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Mombasa Resort in Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 735-748. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost543.0
Akama, J. S., Maingi, S., & Camargo, B. A. (2011). Wildlife Conservation, Safari Tourism and the Role of Tourism Certification in Kenya: A Postcolonial Critique. Tourism Recreation Research, 36(3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2011.11081673
Aly, M. N., Hamid, N., Suharno, N. E., Kholis, N., & Aroyandini, E. N. (2021). Community Involvement and Sustainable Cave Tourism Development in Tulungagung Region. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(2), 588-597. https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).28
Arnstein, S. R. (2019). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 85(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2018.1559388
Bahar, O., & Kozak, M. (2007). Advancing Destination Competitiveness Research: Comparison between Tourists and Service Providers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v22n02_05
Bello, F. G., Carr, N., & Lovelock, B. (2016). Community Participation Framework for Protected Area-based Tourism Planning. Tourism Planning & Development, 13(4), 469-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1136838
Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development and their Roles: Applying Stakeholder Theory to Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Review, 62(2), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000309
Çakmak, E., & Çenesiz, M. A. (2020). Measuring the Size of the Informal Tourism Economy in Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 637-652. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2362
Chatkaewnapanon, Y., & Lee, T. J. (2022). Planning Sustainable Community-based Tourism in the Context of Thailand: Community, Development, and the Foresight Tools. Sustainability, 14(12), 7413. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127413
Cheng, T.-M., Wu, H. C., Wang, J. T.-M., & Wu, M.-R. (2019). Community Participation as a Mediating Factor on Residents’ Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development and their Personal Environmentally Responsible Behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(14), 1764-1782. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1405383
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25-36. https://doi.org/
10.46809/jpse.v2i2.20
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing Knowledge: Determining Key Elements for Success and Pitfalls in Developing Community-based Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547-1568. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1150257
Esichaikul, R., & Chansawang, R. (2022). Community Participation in Heritage Tourism Management of Sukhothai Historical Park. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(4), 897-911. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-03-2021-0035
Finch, W. H. (2020). Using Fit Statistic Differences to Determine the Optimal Number of Factors to Retain in an Exploratory Factor Analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(2), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164419865769
Formica, S., & Uysal, M. (2006). Destination Attractiveness Based on Supply and Demand Evaluations: An Analytical Framework. Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/
0047287506286714
Freeman, R. E., Wicks, A. C., & Parmar, B. (2004). Stakeholder Theory and “The Corporate Objective Revisited”. Organization Science, 15(3), 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0066
Ghahramani, L., McArdle, K., & Fatorić, S. (2020). Minority Community Resilience and Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study of the Gullah Geechee Community. Sustainability, 12(6), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062266
Hoang, H. T. T., Truong, Q. H., Nguyen, A. T., & Hens, L. (2018). Multicriteria Evaluation of Tourism Potential in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: Combining Geographic Information System (GIS), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sustainability, 10(9), 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093097
Jantamaneechot, T., Thaothampitak, W., Wongsuwatt, S., & Aunyawong, W. (2023). The Influences of Community Participation on Tourism Potentials: Case Study of the Tasaba Community of Wangwiset District, Trang Province. Journal of Logistics and Supply Chain College, 9(1), 63-75. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/Logis_j/article/view/261748
Keawchaum, S., Rojchanaprasart, N., Sabkhoon, K., Sudthongkong, C., & Tongnunui, P. (2023). Baseline Data and Stakeholder Participation in Developing a Sustainable Tourism Economic Plan for the Lower Andaman Subregion (Krabi, Trang, and Satun Provinces) in Thailand. Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 16(3), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2023.26
Khalid, S., Ahmad, M. S., Ramayah, T., Hwang, J., & Kim, I. (2019). Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism. Sustainability, 11(22), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226248
Kry, S., Sasaki, N., Datta, A., Abe, I., Ken, S., & Tsusaka, T. W. (2020). Assessment of the Changing Levels of Livelihood Assets in the Kampong Phluk Community with Implications for Community-based Ecotourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100664
Laksmi, P. A. S., Arjawa, I. G. W., & Pulawan, I. M. (2023). Community Participation to Improve Tourism Industry Performance: A Case Study in Mandalika Lombok Tourist Area. International Journal of Social Health, 2(6), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.58860/ijsh.v2i6.63
Li, J., Krishnamurthy, S., Roders, A. P., & van Wesemael, P. (2020a). Community Participation in Cultural Heritage Management: A Systematic Literature Review Comparing Chinese and International Practices. Cities, 96, 102476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102476
Li, X., Zhang, F., Hui, E. C.-m., & Lang, W. (2020b). Collaborative Workshop and Community Participation: A New Approach to Urban Regeneration in China. Cities, 102, 102743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102743
Nagarjuna, G. (2015). Local Community Involvement in Tourism: A Content Analysis of Websites of Wildlife Resorts. Atna Journal of Tourism Studies, 10(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.13.2
Nugroho, P., & Numata, S. (2022). Resident Support of Community-based Tourism Development: Evidence from Gunung Ciremai National Park, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(11), 2510-2525. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1755675
Nunnally, J. C. (1975). Psychometric Theory— 25 Years Ago and Now. Educational Researcher, 4(10), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X004010007
Osman, T., Shaw, D., & Kenawy, E. (2018). Examining the Extent to which Stakeholder Collaboration During Ecotourism Planning Processes could be Applied within an Egyptian Context. Land Use Policy, 78, 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.043
Panda, P., Mishra, S., & Behera, B. (2021). Developing a Research Methodology with the Application of Explorative Factor Analysis and Regression. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 23(4), 23-34.
Petronilla, O. U. (2022). On the Comparison of Ordinary Least Squares and Quantile Regression with Nigerian Financial Data on Trade Balance, Foreign Inflow and Imports. Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics, 17(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpas/2022/v17i130415
Rahman, M. K., Masud, M. M., Akhtar, R., & Hossain, M. M. (2022). Impact of Community Participation on Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas: Assessment of Ecotourism Development. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2480
Raimkulov, M., Juraturgunov, H., & Ahn, Y.-J. (2021). Destination Attractiveness and Memorable Travel Experiences in Silk Road Tourism in Uzbekistan. Sustainability, 13(4), 2252. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042252
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar, M., Ahmad, A. G., & Barghi, R. (2017). Community Participation in World Heritage Site Conservation and Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 58, 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.016
Reindrawati, D. Y. (2023). Challenges of Community Participation in Tourism Planning in Developing Countries. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2164240. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2164240
Sakata, H., & Prideaux, B. (2013). An Alternative Approach to Community-based Ecotourism: A Bottom-up Locally Initiated Non-monetised Project in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(6), 880-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.756493
Salleh, N. H. M., Shukor, M. S., Othman, R., Samsudin, M., & Idris, S. H. M. (2016). Factors of Local Community Participation in Tourism-related Business: Case of Langkawi Island. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(8), 565-571. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2016.V6.712
Samati, J. (2022). Factors Driving Participation of the Community in Sustainability Community-based Tourism Management: The Case Study of Thung Thasae Community, Thung Krabue Subdistrict, Trang Province, Thailand. Science, Technology, and Social Sciences Procedia, 2022(2), CiM19. Retrieved from https://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/stssp/article/view/25672
Sattayapanich, T., Janmaimool, P., & Chontanawat, J. (2022). Factors Affecting Community Participation in Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Projects: Evidence from Mangrove Forest Management Project. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4), 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040209
Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community-based Tourism Ventures, Benefits and Challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31(1), 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.01.005
Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor Analysis as a Tool for Survey Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-9-1-2
Thetsane, R. M. (2019). Local Community Participation in Tourism Development: The Case of Katse Villages in Lesotho. Athens Journal of Tourism, 6(2), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.6-2-4
Tosun, C. (2006). Expected Nature of Community Participation in Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 27(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.004
Tseng, M.-L., Lin, C., Lin, C.-W. R., Wu, K.-J., & Sriphon, T. (2019). Ecotourism Development in Thailand: Community Participation Leads to the Value of Attractions Using Linguistic Preferences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 1319-1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.305
Wondirad, A., & Ewnetu, B. (2019). Community Participation in Tourism Development as a Tool to Foster Sustainable Land and Resource Use Practices in a National Park Milieu. Land Use Policy, 88, 104155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104155
Adeyemo, A., & Bada, A. O. (2017). Assessing Local Community Participation in Tourism Planning and Development in Erin-Ijesha Waterfall Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 24, 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JTHS/article/view/35159
Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. (2007). Tourism and Socio-economic Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Mombasa Resort in Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 735-748. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost543.0
Akama, J. S., Maingi, S., & Camargo, B. A. (2011). Wildlife Conservation, Safari Tourism and the Role of Tourism Certification in Kenya: A Postcolonial Critique. Tourism Recreation Research, 36(3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2011.11081673
Aly, M. N., Hamid, N., Suharno, N. E., Kholis, N., & Aroyandini, E. N. (2021). Community Involvement and Sustainable Cave Tourism Development in Tulungagung Region. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(2), 588-597. https://doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).28
Arnstein, S. R. (2019). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 85(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2018.1559388
Bahar, O., & Kozak, M. (2007). Advancing Destination Competitiveness Research: Comparison between Tourists and Service Providers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v22n02_05
Bello, F. G., Carr, N., & Lovelock, B. (2016). Community Participation Framework for Protected Area-based Tourism Planning. Tourism Planning & Development, 13(4), 469-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1136838
Byrd, E. T. (2007). Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development and their Roles: Applying Stakeholder Theory to Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Review, 62(2), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000309
Çakmak, E., & Çenesiz, M. A. (2020). Measuring the Size of the Informal Tourism Economy in Thailand. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 637-652. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2362
Chatkaewnapanon, Y., & Lee, T. J. (2022). Planning Sustainable Community-based Tourism in the Context of Thailand: Community, Development, and the Foresight Tools. Sustainability, 14(12), 7413. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127413
Cheng, T.-M., Wu, H. C., Wang, J. T.-M., & Wu, M.-R. (2019). Community Participation as a Mediating Factor on Residents’ Attitudes Towards Sustainable Tourism Development and their Personal Environmentally Responsible Behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(14), 1764-1782. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1405383
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25-36. https://doi.org/
10.46809/jpse.v2i2.20
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing Knowledge: Determining Key Elements for Success and Pitfalls in Developing Community-based Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547-1568. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1150257
Esichaikul, R., & Chansawang, R. (2022). Community Participation in Heritage Tourism Management of Sukhothai Historical Park. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(4), 897-911. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-03-2021-0035
Finch, W. H. (2020). Using Fit Statistic Differences to Determine the Optimal Number of Factors to Retain in an Exploratory Factor Analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(2), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164419865769
Formica, S., & Uysal, M. (2006). Destination Attractiveness Based on Supply and Demand Evaluations: An Analytical Framework. Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/
0047287506286714
Freeman, R. E., Wicks, A. C., & Parmar, B. (2004). Stakeholder Theory and “The Corporate Objective Revisited”. Organization Science, 15(3), 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0066
Ghahramani, L., McArdle, K., & Fatorić, S. (2020). Minority Community Resilience and Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study of the Gullah Geechee Community. Sustainability, 12(6), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062266
Hoang, H. T. T., Truong, Q. H., Nguyen, A. T., & Hens, L. (2018). Multicriteria Evaluation of Tourism Potential in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: Combining Geographic Information System (GIS), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sustainability, 10(9), 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093097
Jantamaneechot, T., Thaothampitak, W., Wongsuwatt, S., & Aunyawong, W. (2023). The Influences of Community Participation on Tourism Potentials: Case Study of the Tasaba Community of Wangwiset District, Trang Province. Journal of Logistics and Supply Chain College, 9(1), 63-75. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/Logis_j/article/view/261748
Keawchaum, S., Rojchanaprasart, N., Sabkhoon, K., Sudthongkong, C., & Tongnunui, P. (2023). Baseline Data and Stakeholder Participation in Developing a Sustainable Tourism Economic Plan for the Lower Andaman Subregion (Krabi, Trang, and Satun Provinces) in Thailand. Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 16(3), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2023.26
Khalid, S., Ahmad, M. S., Ramayah, T., Hwang, J., & Kim, I. (2019). Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism. Sustainability, 11(22), 6248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226248
Kry, S., Sasaki, N., Datta, A., Abe, I., Ken, S., & Tsusaka, T. W. (2020). Assessment of the Changing Levels of Livelihood Assets in the Kampong Phluk Community with Implications for Community-based Ecotourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100664
Laksmi, P. A. S., Arjawa, I. G. W., & Pulawan, I. M. (2023). Community Participation to Improve Tourism Industry Performance: A Case Study in Mandalika Lombok Tourist Area. International Journal of Social Health, 2(6), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.58860/ijsh.v2i6.63
Li, J., Krishnamurthy, S., Roders, A. P., & van Wesemael, P. (2020a). Community Participation in Cultural Heritage Management: A Systematic Literature Review Comparing Chinese and International Practices. Cities, 96, 102476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102476
Li, X., Zhang, F., Hui, E. C.-m., & Lang, W. (2020b). Collaborative Workshop and Community Participation: A New Approach to Urban Regeneration in China. Cities, 102, 102743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102743
Nagarjuna, G. (2015). Local Community Involvement in Tourism: A Content Analysis of Websites of Wildlife Resorts. Atna Journal of Tourism Studies, 10(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.13.2
Nugroho, P., & Numata, S. (2022). Resident Support of Community-based Tourism Development: Evidence from Gunung Ciremai National Park, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(11), 2510-2525. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1755675
Nunnally, J. C. (1975). Psychometric Theory— 25 Years Ago and Now. Educational Researcher, 4(10), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X004010007
Osman, T., Shaw, D., & Kenawy, E. (2018). Examining the Extent to which Stakeholder Collaboration During Ecotourism Planning Processes could be Applied within an Egyptian Context. Land Use Policy, 78, 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.043
Panda, P., Mishra, S., & Behera, B. (2021). Developing a Research Methodology with the Application of Explorative Factor Analysis and Regression. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 23(4), 23-34.
Petronilla, O. U. (2022). On the Comparison of Ordinary Least Squares and Quantile Regression with Nigerian Financial Data on Trade Balance, Foreign Inflow and Imports. Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics, 17(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpas/2022/v17i130415
Rahman, M. K., Masud, M. M., Akhtar, R., & Hossain, M. M. (2022). Impact of Community Participation on Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas: Assessment of Ecotourism Development. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2480
Raimkulov, M., Juraturgunov, H., & Ahn, Y.-J. (2021). Destination Attractiveness and Memorable Travel Experiences in Silk Road Tourism in Uzbekistan. Sustainability, 13(4), 2252. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042252
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar, M., Ahmad, A. G., & Barghi, R. (2017). Community Participation in World Heritage Site Conservation and Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 58, 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.016
Reindrawati, D. Y. (2023). Challenges of Community Participation in Tourism Planning in Developing Countries. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2164240. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2164240
Sakata, H., & Prideaux, B. (2013). An Alternative Approach to Community-based Ecotourism: A Bottom-up Locally Initiated Non-monetised Project in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(6), 880-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.756493
Salleh, N. H. M., Shukor, M. S., Othman, R., Samsudin, M., & Idris, S. H. M. (2016). Factors of Local Community Participation in Tourism-related Business: Case of Langkawi Island. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(8), 565-571. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2016.V6.712
Samati, J. (2022). Factors Driving Participation of the Community in Sustainability Community-based Tourism Management: The Case Study of Thung Thasae Community, Thung Krabue Subdistrict, Trang Province, Thailand. Science, Technology, and Social Sciences Procedia, 2022(2), CiM19. Retrieved from https://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/stssp/article/view/25672
Sattayapanich, T., Janmaimool, P., & Chontanawat, J. (2022). Factors Affecting Community Participation in Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Projects: Evidence from Mangrove Forest Management Project. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4), 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040209
Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community-based Tourism Ventures, Benefits and Challenges: Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Central District, Botswana. Tourism Management, 31(1), 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.01.005
Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor Analysis as a Tool for Survey Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-9-1-2
Thetsane, R. M. (2019). Local Community Participation in Tourism Development: The Case of Katse Villages in Lesotho. Athens Journal of Tourism, 6(2), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.6-2-4
Tosun, C. (2006). Expected Nature of Community Participation in Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 27(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.004
Tseng, M.-L., Lin, C., Lin, C.-W. R., Wu, K.-J., & Sriphon, T. (2019). Ecotourism Development in Thailand: Community Participation Leads to the Value of Attractions Using Linguistic Preferences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 1319-1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.305
Wondirad, A., & Ewnetu, B. (2019). Community Participation in Tourism Development as a Tool to Foster Sustainable Land and Resource Use Practices in a National Park Milieu. Land Use Policy, 88, 104155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104155
Section
Research Articles
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How to Cite
WONGSUWATT, Sippavit et al.
An Exploratory Study of the Participation Stages in Trang Communities to Enhance Tourism Attractiveness.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 17, n. 4, p. 23-38, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-17-No-4-2024-23-38>. Date accessed: 30 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2024.25.