Sustainable Low-Carbon Community Development: A Study Based on a Royal Project for Highland Community Development in Thailand
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Published
Mar 5, 2021
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Abstract
Global warming and climate change from human emissions can affect the development of communities including highland communities in Thailand in terms of human life, growth and yield of plants and animals. So, the Royal Project Foundation, Highland Research and Development Institute (Public Organization) and Mahidol University unite together to carry out the Royal Project for Community Development with aims to develop the prototype of sustainable low-carbon highland community, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while propagating sufficiency economy with the limited available resources in the region. The study is based on the Community capital framework for sustainable development using Ethnographic Delphi Future Research (EDFR) methodology, by collecting data for standardization from a panel of 15 community experts belonging to different strata, professions and organizations in Thailand. The evaluation level of the 12 Communities low carbon development project evaluation levels is estimated by comparing the development standards of four developmental dimensions as: (1) environmentally friendly agriculture; (2) forest restoration and conservation; (3) community health management; and (4) community strength to support changes in a period of 12 months. These dimensions are evaluation criteria for determining the standard of sustainable low carbon highland community development consisting of 19 items and 32 indicators. The analysis of Huai-Nam-Kuen community shows the availability of many features for low carbon community development, viz, low carbon economy, low carbon tourism resources and low carbon lifestyles which can be utilized to develop the community into a sustainable low carbon community. The study concluded that low-carbon community development is related to all dimensions of development and therefore an integral part of a society’s sustainability.
Keywords: Highland, Low Carbon, Royal Project, Sustainable Community
References
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Agyeman, J. (2008). Toward a ‘Just’ Sustainability? Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 22(6), 751-756. DOI: 10.1080/10304310802452487
Cavaye, J. (2006). Understanding Community Development. Cavaye Community Development, 1, 1-19. Retrieved from http://static.placestories.com/pool/project/0001/0008344/docs/doc-41.pdf
Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.9.3.458
Delbecq, A. L., & van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A Group Process Model for Problem Identification and Program Planning. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188637100700404
Finance and Development. (2019). The Economics of Climate. Washington, DC, USA.: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/12/pdf/fd1219.pdf
Flora, C. B., & Flora, J. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial Social Infrastructure: A Necessary Ingredient. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 529(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293529001005
Genzuk, M. (2003). A Synthesis of Ethnographic Research. Los Angeles, CA: Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research, University of Southern California.
Heiskanen, E., Johnson, M., Robinson, S., Vadovics, E., & Saastamoinen, M. (2010). Low-Carbon Communities as a Context for Individual Behavioural Change. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7586-7595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.002
Hsueh, S.-L., & Yan, M.-R. (2011). Enhancing Sustainable Community Developments a Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model for Energy Efficient Project Selection. In W. Zhang (Ed.), Energy Procedia Vol. 5, 2010 International Conference on Energy, Environment and Development - IACEED2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8-9 December 2010 (pp. 135-144). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.025
IPCC. (2014). Summary for Policymakers. In O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, J. C. Minx, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, & T. Zwickel (Eds.), Climate Change 2014, Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom & New York, NY, USA.: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_frontmatter.pdf
Jiang, P., Chen, Y., Xu, B., Dong, W., & Kennedy, E. (2013). Building Low Carbon Communities in China: The Role of Individual’s Behaviour Change and Engagement. Energy Policy, 60, 611-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.017
Laor, P., Suma, Y., Keawdounglek, V., Hongtong, A., Apidechkul, T., & Pasukphun, N. (2018). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Municipal Solid Waste Management among Highland Residents in Northern Thailand. Journal of Health Research, 32(2), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-01-2018-013
Lazarus, M., & van Asselt, H. (2018). Fossil Fuel Supply and Climate Policy: Exploring the Road Less Taken. Climatic Change, 150, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2266-3
Mensin, S., Bhaktikul, K., Aroonsrimorakot, S., Krajangtimaporn, E., WannaProm, W., & SinghBoon, P. (2018). The Study of Royal Project Community Development as Low Carbon and Sustainable Community Project, Highland Research and Development Institute (Public Organization). Bangkok: Chulalongkorn Unversity Press.
Middlemiss, L., & Parrish, B. D. (2010). Building Capacity for Low-Carbon Communities: The Role of Grassroots Initiatives. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7559-7566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.003
Moloney, S., Horne, R. E, & Fien, J. (2010). Transitioning to Low Carbon Communities--From Behaviour Change to Systemic Change: Lessons from Australia. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7614-7623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.058
Mulugetta, Y., & Urban, F. (2010). Deliberating on Low Carbon Development. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7546-7549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.049
Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi Method as a Research Tool: An Example, Design Considerations and Applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002
Opoku, A., & Ahmed, V. (2013). Understanding Sustainability: A View from Intra-Organizational Leadership within UK Construction Organizations. International Journal of Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2(2), 133–143. DOI: 10.7492/IJAEC.2013.012
Pasukphun, N., Hongtong, A., Keawdunglek, V., Suma, Y., Laor, P., & Apidechkul, T. (2018). SWOT Analysis for Preliminary Study of Municipal Waste Management toward a Zero Waste Highland Community in Northern Thailand. Applied Environmental Research, 40(3), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.35762/AER.2018.40.3.6
Peters, M., Fudge, S., & Sinclair, P. (2010). Mobilising Community Action towards a Low-Carbon Future: Opportunities and Challenges for Local Government in the UK. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7596-7603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.044
Roseland, M. (2012). Toward Sustainable Communities: Solutions for Citizens and their Governments (4th ed.). Canada: New Society Publishers.
Sangkapitux, C., & Neef, A. (2006). Assessing Water Tenure Security and Livelihoods of Highland People in Northern Thailand. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 45(4), 377-396. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292413619_Assessing_water_tenure_security_and_livelihoods_of_highland_people_in_northern_Thailand
Teske, S., Schäfer, O., Zervos, A., Béranek, J., Tunmore, S., Greenpeace International, & European Renewable Energy Council. (2008). Energy [R]evolution: A Sustainable Global Energy Outlook. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Greenpeace International. Retrieved from https://trid.trb.org/view/873695
United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). (n.d.). Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.agenda21culture.net/documents/culture-the-fourth-pillar-of-sustainability
United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development. (Ed.). (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/agpireland/docs/our_common_future-brundtland_report
van Maanen, J. (1996). Ethnography. In A. Kuper, & J. Knper (Eds.), The Social Science Encyclopedia (2nd ed., pp. 263-265). London: Routledge.
Wiedmann, T., & Minx, J. (2007). A Definition of ‘Carbon Footprint’. In C. C. Pertsova (Ed.), Ecological Economics Research Trends: Chapter 1 (pp. 1-11). New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.6821&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Yuan, H., Zhou, P., & Zhou, D. (2011). What is Low-Carbon Development? A Conceptual Analysis. In W. Zhang (Ed.), Energy Procedia Vol. 5, 2010 International Conference on Energy, Environment and Development-IACEED2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8-9 December 2010 (pp. 1706-1712). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.290
Zhang, Q., Yang, J., Sun, Z., & Wu, F. (2017). Analyzing the Impact Factors of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in China: What can Spatial Panel Regressions Tell Us? Journal of Cleaner Production, 161, 1085-1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.071
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How to Cite
BHAKTIKUL, Kampanad; AROONSRIMORAKOT, Sayam; LAIPHRAKPAM, Meena.
Sustainable Low-Carbon Community Development: A Study Based on a Royal Project for Highland Community Development in Thailand.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 14-28, mar. 2021.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-14-No-2-2021-14-28>. Date accessed: 27 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2021.12.