Investigation of PEE5 Blended with n-Butanol and Ethanol on Performance and Pollutants of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine
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Published
May 28, 2021
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Abstract
The research work aims to investigate the performance and exhaust emissions of a direct injection diesel engine at a constant speed of 3,000 rpm over the load range. The engine is experimentally fueled with regular diesel blended with 5% ethyl ester from palm oil (PEE5) combining with 5% n-butanol and ethanol (up to 20%), in comparison with regular diesel baseline and PEE5. Results of the engine performance test show that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) from using PEE5 blended with 5% n-butanol and 5% ethanol increased by 0.22 and 0.31%, while the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased by 0.86 and 1.23% compared to those of regular diesel and PEE5, respectively. Engine performances when running on PEE5 blended with 5% n-butanol and 10% ethanol were comparable to regular diesel fueling. However, the use of PEE5 blended with n-butanol and ethanol added from 15 to 20% led to the reduction of BTE by up to 1.13% and the increase in BSEC by up to 4.68%. The critical findings from the exhaust gas measurements identified that the use of PEE5 blending with n-butanol and ethanol increasing from 5 to 20% resulted in the abatement of exhaust emissions, especially carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and black smoke. The increasing concentration of oxygen and the decreasing molecules of carbon within the fuel composition led to the reduction of these emissions.
Keywords: engine performance, ethanol, exhaust emissions, n-butanol, PEE5
References
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Al-Hassan, M., Mujafet, H., & Al-Shannag, M. (2012). An experimental study on the solubility of a diesel-ethanol blend and on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 6(2), 147-153.
Dharma, S., Ong, H. C., Masjuki, H. H., Sebayang, A. H., & Silitonga, A. S. (2016). An overview of engine durability and compatibility using biodiesel–bioethanol–diesel blends in compression-ignition engines. Energy Conversion and Management, 128, 66-81.
Doğan, O. (2011). The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends utilization on a small diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel, 90(7), 2467-2472.
Emiroğlu, A. O., & Şen, M. (2018). Combustion, performance and exhaust emission characterizations of a diesel engine operating with a ternary blend (alcohol-biodiesel-diesel fuel). Applied Thermal Engineering, 133, 371-380.
Ghanim, F. M., Adam, A. M. H., & Farouk, H. (2018). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blends. International Journal of Advanced Thermofluid Research, 4(1), 26-36.
Goga, G., Chauhan, B. S., Mahla, S. K., & Cho, H. M. (2019). Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with rice bran biodiesel and n-butanol. Energy Reports, 5, 78-83.
Huang, J., Wanga, Y., Li, S., Roskilly, A. P., Yu, H., & Li, H. (2009). Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29, 2484-2490.
Ilklllç, C., Aydln, S., Behcet, R., & Aydin, H. (2011). Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 356-362.
Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Jayed, M. H., & Liaquat, A. M. (2011). Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil. Energy, 36, 397-402.
Krishna, S. M., Abdul Salam, P., Tongroon, M., & Chollacoop, N. (2019). Performance and emission assessment of optimally blended biodiesel-diesel-ethanol in diesel engine generator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 155, 525-533.
Kumar, S., Cho, J. H., Park, J., & Moon, I. (2013). Advances in diesel-alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 46-72
Kwanchareon, P., Luengnaruemitchai, A., & Jai-In, S. (2007). Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine. Fuel, 86, 1053-1061.
Madiwale, S., Karthikeyan, A., Bhojwani, V., & Dombale, M. (2017). Improvement of palm oil biodiesel properties using ethanol as an additive and its effect on diesel engine performance, combustion and emissions. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(13), 3987-3994.
Niculescu, R., Clenci, A., & Iorga-Siman, V. (2019). Review on the use of diesel–biodiesel–alcohol blends in compression ignition engines. Energies, 12(7), 1-41.
Prasad, S. D., Rao, G. V., & Murthy, K. S. R. (2013). Effect of diesel-ethanol blends on performance of a diesel engine at different injection pressures. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 4(6), 1223-1231.
Prbakaran, B., & Viswanathan, D. (2018). Experimental investigation of effects of addition of ethanol to bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57, 383-389.
Pundir, B. P. (2007). Engine Emissions: Pollutant Formation and Advances in Control Technology. Oxford, UK: Alpha Science International.
Rakopoulos, D. C., Rakopoulos, C. D., Giakoumis, E. G., Dimaratos, A. M., & Kyritsis, D. C. (2010). Effects of butanol–diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 15, 1989–1997.
Santasnachok, M., Sutheerasak, E., Chinwanitcharoen, C., & Ruengphrathuengsuka, W. (2019). Performance analysis of a diesel-engine generator using ethyl ester synthesized from anhydrous ethanol and NaOH, International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, 8(2), 108-112.
Srinidhi, C., Channapatna, S. V., Pawar, A. A., & Madhusudhan, A. (2016). Performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with ethanol and palm oil methyl ester. International Research Journal of Engineering Technology, 3(4), 108-113.
Sutheerasak, E. (2017). Investigation on the performance, emissions and wear of a small diesel engine using 10% anhydrous ethanol diesel blends. Ubon Ratchathani University Engineering Journal, 10, 70-84.
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using palm ethyl ester. Engineering Journal Chiang Mai University, 25, 1-13.
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2019). 10% Biodiesel mixed with 5% ethanol for alternative fuel in a diesel-engine generator. In Proceeding of the 14th National and International Sripatum University Conference, Bangkhen, 19 December 2019 (pp. 2303-2312). Bangkok: Thailand.
Swamy, R. L., Chandrashekar, T. K., Banapurmath, N. R., & Khandal, S. V. (2015). Impact of diesel-butanol blends on performance and emission of diesel engine. Oil & Gas Research, 1(1), 1-7.
Taib, N. M., Mansor, M. R. A., Wan Mahmood, W. M. F., Shah, F. A., & Abdullah, N. R. N. (2016). Investigation of diesel-ethanol blended fuel properties with palm methyl ester as co-solvent and blends enhancer. MATEC Web of Conference: The 2nd International Conference on Automotive Innovation and Green Vehicles, 90(1080), 1-11.
Thailand Energy Business Department. (2019). Specifications of diesel characteristics and quality in 2019. Government Gazette, 136(27), 16-25. Retrieved from http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA
/PDF/ 2562/E/027/T_0016.PDF
Al-Hassan, M., Mujafet, H., & Al-Shannag, M. (2012). An experimental study on the solubility of a diesel-ethanol blend and on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 6(2), 147-153.
Dharma, S., Ong, H. C., Masjuki, H. H., Sebayang, A. H., & Silitonga, A. S. (2016). An overview of engine durability and compatibility using biodiesel–bioethanol–diesel blends in compression-ignition engines. Energy Conversion and Management, 128, 66-81.
Doğan, O. (2011). The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends utilization on a small diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel, 90(7), 2467-2472.
Emiroğlu, A. O., & Şen, M. (2018). Combustion, performance and exhaust emission characterizations of a diesel engine operating with a ternary blend (alcohol-biodiesel-diesel fuel). Applied Thermal Engineering, 133, 371-380.
Ghanim, F. M., Adam, A. M. H., & Farouk, H. (2018). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blends. International Journal of Advanced Thermofluid Research, 4(1), 26-36.
Goga, G., Chauhan, B. S., Mahla, S. K., & Cho, H. M. (2019). Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with rice bran biodiesel and n-butanol. Energy Reports, 5, 78-83.
Huang, J., Wanga, Y., Li, S., Roskilly, A. P., Yu, H., & Li, H. (2009). Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blends. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29, 2484-2490.
Ilklllç, C., Aydln, S., Behcet, R., & Aydin, H. (2011). Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 356-362.
Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Jayed, M. H., & Liaquat, A. M. (2011). Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil. Energy, 36, 397-402.
Krishna, S. M., Abdul Salam, P., Tongroon, M., & Chollacoop, N. (2019). Performance and emission assessment of optimally blended biodiesel-diesel-ethanol in diesel engine generator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 155, 525-533.
Kumar, S., Cho, J. H., Park, J., & Moon, I. (2013). Advances in diesel-alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 46-72
Kwanchareon, P., Luengnaruemitchai, A., & Jai-In, S. (2007). Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine. Fuel, 86, 1053-1061.
Madiwale, S., Karthikeyan, A., Bhojwani, V., & Dombale, M. (2017). Improvement of palm oil biodiesel properties using ethanol as an additive and its effect on diesel engine performance, combustion and emissions. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(13), 3987-3994.
Niculescu, R., Clenci, A., & Iorga-Siman, V. (2019). Review on the use of diesel–biodiesel–alcohol blends in compression ignition engines. Energies, 12(7), 1-41.
Prasad, S. D., Rao, G. V., & Murthy, K. S. R. (2013). Effect of diesel-ethanol blends on performance of a diesel engine at different injection pressures. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 4(6), 1223-1231.
Prbakaran, B., & Viswanathan, D. (2018). Experimental investigation of effects of addition of ethanol to bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57, 383-389.
Pundir, B. P. (2007). Engine Emissions: Pollutant Formation and Advances in Control Technology. Oxford, UK: Alpha Science International.
Rakopoulos, D. C., Rakopoulos, C. D., Giakoumis, E. G., Dimaratos, A. M., & Kyritsis, D. C. (2010). Effects of butanol–diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 15, 1989–1997.
Santasnachok, M., Sutheerasak, E., Chinwanitcharoen, C., & Ruengphrathuengsuka, W. (2019). Performance analysis of a diesel-engine generator using ethyl ester synthesized from anhydrous ethanol and NaOH, International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, 8(2), 108-112.
Srinidhi, C., Channapatna, S. V., Pawar, A. A., & Madhusudhan, A. (2016). Performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with ethanol and palm oil methyl ester. International Research Journal of Engineering Technology, 3(4), 108-113.
Sutheerasak, E. (2017). Investigation on the performance, emissions and wear of a small diesel engine using 10% anhydrous ethanol diesel blends. Ubon Ratchathani University Engineering Journal, 10, 70-84.
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2018). Performance and emissions of a diesel engine using palm ethyl ester. Engineering Journal Chiang Mai University, 25, 1-13.
Sutheerasak, E., & Chinwanitcharoen, C. (2019). 10% Biodiesel mixed with 5% ethanol for alternative fuel in a diesel-engine generator. In Proceeding of the 14th National and International Sripatum University Conference, Bangkhen, 19 December 2019 (pp. 2303-2312). Bangkok: Thailand.
Swamy, R. L., Chandrashekar, T. K., Banapurmath, N. R., & Khandal, S. V. (2015). Impact of diesel-butanol blends on performance and emission of diesel engine. Oil & Gas Research, 1(1), 1-7.
Taib, N. M., Mansor, M. R. A., Wan Mahmood, W. M. F., Shah, F. A., & Abdullah, N. R. N. (2016). Investigation of diesel-ethanol blended fuel properties with palm methyl ester as co-solvent and blends enhancer. MATEC Web of Conference: The 2nd International Conference on Automotive Innovation and Green Vehicles, 90(1080), 1-11.
Thailand Energy Business Department. (2019). Specifications of diesel characteristics and quality in 2019. Government Gazette, 136(27), 16-25. Retrieved from http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA
/PDF/ 2562/E/027/T_0016.PDF
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Research Articles
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How to Cite
SUTHEERASAK, Ekkachai; RUENGPHRATHUENGSUKA, Wirogana; CHUEPENG, Sathaporn.
Investigation of PEE5 Blended with n-Butanol and Ethanol on Performance and Pollutants of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine.
Naresuan University Journal: Science and Technology (NUJST), [S.l.], v. 30, n. 1, p. 63-82, may 2021.
ISSN 2539-553X.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/NUJST/article/view/Vol-30-No-1-2022-63-82>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/nujst.2022.6.