The Mediating Effects of Knowledge Sharing: The Causal Relationship of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture with Innovative Work Behaviors: A Case Study of Airfreight Organizations in Thailand
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Published
Sep 3, 2024
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Abstract
This quantitative research aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organisational culture with innovative work behaviours. The mediating role of knowledge sharing is examined. Data were collected from 396 participants who work in 21 logistics firms that are members of the Thai Airfreight Forwarders Association. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Results reveal that transformational leadership and organisational culture significantly affect innovative work behaviors in organisations. Furthermore, knowledge sharing amongst colleagues mediates such relationships. These findings add to the study of innovative work in the logistics industry. In addition, this study benefits HR in logistics firms in Thailand to focus on knowledge sharing to enhance innovative work behaviours. Implications are discussed in two folds, namely, theoretical and practical implications.
Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Organisational Culture, Knowledge Sharing, Innovative Work Behaviours, Airfrieght Organizations
References
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Motivation to Learn, Task Complexity and Innovation Climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257
Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding Competitive Advantage Through Organizational Culture, Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Innovation. Technology in Society, 66, 101635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire for Research. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
Berbie, A. C. (2024). Development of Competency Manual for the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) Commanding Officers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(2), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.02.09
Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2013). Leadership, Creative Problem-solving Capacity, and Creative Performance: The Importance of Knowledge Sharing. Human Resource Management, 52(1), 95-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21514
Cheng, Q., & Chang, Y. (2020). Influencing Factors of Knowledge Collaboration Effects in Knowledge Alliances. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 18(4), 380-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/
14778238.2019.1678412
Coun, M. J. H., Peters, P., Blomme, R. J., & Schaveling, J. (2022). ‘To Empower or Not to Empower, That’s the Question’. Using an Empowerment Process Approach to Explain Employees’ Workplace Proactivity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(14), 2829-2855. https://doi.org//10.1080/09585192.2021.1879204
Cozzarin, B. P. (2022). Effects of Organizational Innovation. In C. Antonelli (Ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia on the Economics of Knowledge and Innovation, Chapter 14 (pp. 120-126). UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Department of Airports. (2022, June 17). Air Transport Statistics Data for Airports Under the Department of Airports, Year 2022. Retrieved from https://www.airports.go.th/post/view/726
Deprez, J., Robijn, W., & Euwema, M. (2023). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior of Employees: Two Sides of the Story. In P. Tyagi, V. Nadda, V. Bharti, & E. Kemer (Eds.), Embracing Business Sustainability Through Innovation and Creativity in the Service Sector (pp. 221-236). USA.: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6732-9.ch014
Derin, O. B., Toker, K., & Gorener, A. (2022). The Relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Work Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Ethical Climate. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 20(4), 557-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1860666
Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Öner, K. (2024). Servant Leadership, Innovative Work Behavior and Innovative Organizational Culture: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 33(3), 272-288. https:/doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2022-0251
Gupta, R. K. (2014). Innovative Work Behaviour (IWB) of Employees: Exploring the Role of Thriving and Pro-social Motivation in the Relationship between LMX and IWB. In 28th Australian & New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) Conference, University Technology, Sydney (UTS), December 3-5, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.anzam.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf-manager/1730_ANZAM-2014-396.PDF
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage Publishing.
Jangsiriwattana, T. (2019). The Relationship between Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Employee Perceptions of Organizational Performance and Work Engagement. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 25(3), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-relationship-between-transformational-and-transactional-leadership-employee-perceptions-of-organizational-performance-and-work-8587.html
Jose, S., & Mampilly, S. R. (2016). Innovative Work Behaviour: Propositions on Influence from Within and Without an Individual in the Organisational Context. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 12(3-4), 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X17696649
Lam, L., Nguyen, P., Le, N., & Tran, K. (2021). The Relation Among Organizational Culture, Knowledge Management, and Innovation Capability: Its Implication for Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010066
Lee, H., & Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge Management Enablers, Processes, and Organizational Performance: An Integrative View and Empirical Examination. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 179-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045756
Masood, M., & Afsar, B. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior Among Nursing Staff. Nursing Inquiry, 24(4), e12188. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12188
Messmann, G. (2012). Innovative Work Behaviour (Doctoral Dissertation). Universität Regensburg, Germany.
Messmann, G., Evers, A., & Kreijns, K. (2022). The Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 33(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21451
Munir, R., & Beh, L.-S. (2020). Measuring and Enhancing Organisational Creative Climate, Knowledge Sharing, and Innovative Work Behavior in Startups Development. The Bottom Line, 32(4), 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-03-2019-0076
Nogueira, A., Agua, P. B., & Correia, A. C. (2022). Innovation Leading Organizations. In S. Khan (Ed.), Leadership and Followership in an Organizational Change Context (pp. 219-241). USA.: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2807-5.ch009
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891 https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
Pudjiarti, E. S., & Hutomo, P. T. P. (2020). Innovative Work Behaviour: An Integrative Investigation of Person-job Fit, Person-organization Fit, and Person-group Fit. Business: Theory & Practice, 21(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.9487
Rafique, S., Khan, N. R., Soomro, S. A., & Masood, F. (2022). Linking LMX and Schedule Flexibility with Employee Innovative Work Behaviors: Mediating Role of Employee Empowerment and Response to Change. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-11-2021-0238
Rovinelli, R. J., & Hambleton, R. K. (1976). On the Use of Content Specialists in the Assessment of Criterion-referenced Test Item Validity. In 60th Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, California, April 19-23, 1976. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED121845
Sayyadi, M., & Provitera, M. J. (2023). The New Patterns of Organization and Innovation for the Future. Business Information Review, 40(2), 68-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/02663821231174397
Scaliza, J. A. A., Jugend, D., Jabbour, C. J. C., Latan, H., Armellini, F., Twigg, D., & Andrade, D. F. (2022). Relationships Among Organizational Culture, Open Innovation, Innovative Ecosystems, and Performance of Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Economy Context. Journal of Business Research, 140, 264-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.busres.2021.10.065
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
Stoffers, J., Neessen, P., & van Dorp, P. (2015). Organizational Culture and Innovative Work Behavior: A Case Study of a Manufacturer of Packaging Machines. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.54022
Turner, R. C., & Carlson, L. (2003). Indexes of Item-objective Congruence for Multidimensional Items. International Journal of Testing, 3(2), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327574IJT0302_5
Wong, K. K.-K. (2019). Mastering Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS in 38 Hours. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.
Yang, H., van Rijn, M. B., & Sanders, K. (2020). Perceived Organizational Support and Knowledge Sharing: Employees’ Self-construal Matters. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(17), 2217–2237. https://doi.org.10.1080/09585192.2018.1443956
Yordanova, Z. (2022). Enterprise Information System for Digitalization and Organization of Innovation—A Case Study. In J. L. Reis, E. P. López, L. Moutinho, & J. P. M. D. Santos (Eds.), Marketing and Smart Technologies. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Vol. 279 (pp. 407-417). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9268-0_34
Zhang, Z. (2018). Organizational Culture and Knowledge Sharing: Design of Incentives and Business Processes. Business Process Management Journal, 24(2), 384-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-08-2015-0119
Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding Competitive Advantage Through Organizational Culture, Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Innovation. Technology in Society, 66, 101635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire for Research. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
Berbie, A. C. (2024). Development of Competency Manual for the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) Commanding Officers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(2), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.02.09
Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2013). Leadership, Creative Problem-solving Capacity, and Creative Performance: The Importance of Knowledge Sharing. Human Resource Management, 52(1), 95-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21514
Cheng, Q., & Chang, Y. (2020). Influencing Factors of Knowledge Collaboration Effects in Knowledge Alliances. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 18(4), 380-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/
14778238.2019.1678412
Coun, M. J. H., Peters, P., Blomme, R. J., & Schaveling, J. (2022). ‘To Empower or Not to Empower, That’s the Question’. Using an Empowerment Process Approach to Explain Employees’ Workplace Proactivity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(14), 2829-2855. https://doi.org//10.1080/09585192.2021.1879204
Cozzarin, B. P. (2022). Effects of Organizational Innovation. In C. Antonelli (Ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia on the Economics of Knowledge and Innovation, Chapter 14 (pp. 120-126). UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Department of Airports. (2022, June 17). Air Transport Statistics Data for Airports Under the Department of Airports, Year 2022. Retrieved from https://www.airports.go.th/post/view/726
Deprez, J., Robijn, W., & Euwema, M. (2023). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior of Employees: Two Sides of the Story. In P. Tyagi, V. Nadda, V. Bharti, & E. Kemer (Eds.), Embracing Business Sustainability Through Innovation and Creativity in the Service Sector (pp. 221-236). USA.: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6732-9.ch014
Derin, O. B., Toker, K., & Gorener, A. (2022). The Relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Work Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Ethical Climate. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 20(4), 557-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1860666
Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Öner, K. (2024). Servant Leadership, Innovative Work Behavior and Innovative Organizational Culture: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 33(3), 272-288. https:/doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2022-0251
Gupta, R. K. (2014). Innovative Work Behaviour (IWB) of Employees: Exploring the Role of Thriving and Pro-social Motivation in the Relationship between LMX and IWB. In 28th Australian & New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) Conference, University Technology, Sydney (UTS), December 3-5, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.anzam.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf-manager/1730_ANZAM-2014-396.PDF
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage Publishing.
Jangsiriwattana, T. (2019). The Relationship between Transformational and Transactional Leadership: Employee Perceptions of Organizational Performance and Work Engagement. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 25(3), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-relationship-between-transformational-and-transactional-leadership-employee-perceptions-of-organizational-performance-and-work-8587.html
Jose, S., & Mampilly, S. R. (2016). Innovative Work Behaviour: Propositions on Influence from Within and Without an Individual in the Organisational Context. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 12(3-4), 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X17696649
Lam, L., Nguyen, P., Le, N., & Tran, K. (2021). The Relation Among Organizational Culture, Knowledge Management, and Innovation Capability: Its Implication for Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010066
Lee, H., & Choi, B. (2003). Knowledge Management Enablers, Processes, and Organizational Performance: An Integrative View and Empirical Examination. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 179-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045756
Masood, M., & Afsar, B. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior Among Nursing Staff. Nursing Inquiry, 24(4), e12188. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12188
Messmann, G. (2012). Innovative Work Behaviour (Doctoral Dissertation). Universität Regensburg, Germany.
Messmann, G., Evers, A., & Kreijns, K. (2022). The Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 33(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21451
Munir, R., & Beh, L.-S. (2020). Measuring and Enhancing Organisational Creative Climate, Knowledge Sharing, and Innovative Work Behavior in Startups Development. The Bottom Line, 32(4), 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-03-2019-0076
Nogueira, A., Agua, P. B., & Correia, A. C. (2022). Innovation Leading Organizations. In S. Khan (Ed.), Leadership and Followership in an Organizational Change Context (pp. 219-241). USA.: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2807-5.ch009
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891 https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
Pudjiarti, E. S., & Hutomo, P. T. P. (2020). Innovative Work Behaviour: An Integrative Investigation of Person-job Fit, Person-organization Fit, and Person-group Fit. Business: Theory & Practice, 21(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.9487
Rafique, S., Khan, N. R., Soomro, S. A., & Masood, F. (2022). Linking LMX and Schedule Flexibility with Employee Innovative Work Behaviors: Mediating Role of Employee Empowerment and Response to Change. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-11-2021-0238
Rovinelli, R. J., & Hambleton, R. K. (1976). On the Use of Content Specialists in the Assessment of Criterion-referenced Test Item Validity. In 60th Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, California, April 19-23, 1976. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED121845
Sayyadi, M., & Provitera, M. J. (2023). The New Patterns of Organization and Innovation for the Future. Business Information Review, 40(2), 68-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/02663821231174397
Scaliza, J. A. A., Jugend, D., Jabbour, C. J. C., Latan, H., Armellini, F., Twigg, D., & Andrade, D. F. (2022). Relationships Among Organizational Culture, Open Innovation, Innovative Ecosystems, and Performance of Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Economy Context. Journal of Business Research, 140, 264-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.busres.2021.10.065
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
Stoffers, J., Neessen, P., & van Dorp, P. (2015). Organizational Culture and Innovative Work Behavior: A Case Study of a Manufacturer of Packaging Machines. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.54022
Turner, R. C., & Carlson, L. (2003). Indexes of Item-objective Congruence for Multidimensional Items. International Journal of Testing, 3(2), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327574IJT0302_5
Wong, K. K.-K. (2019). Mastering Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS in 38 Hours. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.
Yang, H., van Rijn, M. B., & Sanders, K. (2020). Perceived Organizational Support and Knowledge Sharing: Employees’ Self-construal Matters. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(17), 2217–2237. https://doi.org.10.1080/09585192.2018.1443956
Yordanova, Z. (2022). Enterprise Information System for Digitalization and Organization of Innovation—A Case Study. In J. L. Reis, E. P. López, L. Moutinho, & J. P. M. D. Santos (Eds.), Marketing and Smart Technologies. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Vol. 279 (pp. 407-417). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9268-0_34
Zhang, Z. (2018). Organizational Culture and Knowledge Sharing: Design of Incentives and Business Processes. Business Process Management Journal, 24(2), 384-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-08-2015-0119
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How to Cite
JANGSIRIWATTANA, Thamarat; CHAEMLEK, Adunyarat; POJSUPAP, Thantip.
The Mediating Effects of Knowledge Sharing: The Causal Relationship of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture with Innovative Work Behaviors: A Case Study of Airfreight Organizations in Thailand.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 17, n. 3, p. 87-99, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-17-No-3-2024-87-99>. Date accessed: 30 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2024.23.