Impact of the Utilization of Learning Management System in the Implementation of Distance Learning in Secondary Schools in the Philippines from 2019 to 2023
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Published
Jun 21, 2024
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Abstract
Learning Management Systems (LMS) have been one of the emerging technologies in the field of education and are widely used in higher education around the world. In the Philippines, it was not until the COVID-19 pandemic that it was introduced and utilized in basic education. As a result, limited studies about LMS in basic education were conducted. Hence, this study aimed to determine the impact of the utilization of LMS in the implementation of distance learning in secondary schools in the Philippines from 2019 to 2023. Nine articles that met the criteria underwent systematic review. The findings revealed that Moodle and Google Classroom are the most widely used LMSs by secondary schools in the Philippines. Secondary schools utilized LMS primarily to create and deliver learning content; moreover, for assessment, monitoring, feedback, and establishing interaction and communication between students and teachers. The utilization of LMS significantly improves teachers’ performance and students’ academic achievement during distance learning. It also addresses the gaps and skepticism towards online learning. The paper recommends that secondary schools maximize the use of LMS to improve instruction. The DepEd shall institutionalize the use of LMS in public secondary schools, especially during the disruption of regular classes. It shall also provide training and capacity building in the use of LMS so that teachers and learners will be able to use LMS effectively. Lastly, developers shall continue to enhance the features of LMS to cater to the needs of teachers, learners, and school administrators.
Keywords: Implementation of Distance Learning, Learning Management System, Secondary Schools in the Philippines
References
Acala, J. J., & Dimasacat, A. C. B. (2023). Perceptions on the Utilization of Learning Management System and its Effects on the Communication Skills of Private Senior High School Students in Manila. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 47(3), 12-27. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJESS/2023/v47i31024
Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students’ Perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45-51. http://www.doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309
Aguilar, M. A. A., Braganza, J. C., Guiwanas, G. D., Magpayo, E. C., & Patacsil, F. F. (2021). Design and Implementation of i-lnhs: A Learning Management System for Lananpin National High School. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 14(39), 2982-2997. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i39.1142
Aldiab, A., Chowdhury, H., Kootsookos, A., Alam, F., & Allhibi, H. (2019). Utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in Higher Education System: A Case Review for Saudi Arabia. Energy Procedia, 160, 731-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.186
Al-Sharhan, S., Al-Hunaiyyan, A., Alhajri, R., & Al-Huwail, N. (2019). Utilization of Learning Management System (LMS) Among Instructors and Students. In Z. Zakaria, & R. Ahmad (Eds.), Advances in Electronics Engineering, Proceeding of the ICCEE 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (pp. 15-23). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1289-6_2
Altinpulluk, H., & Kesim, M. (2021). A Systematic Review of the Tendencies in the Use of Learning Management System. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.961812
Asenahabi, B. M., Ikoha, P. A., & Nambiro, A. W. (2022). Learning Management System Usability Towards Online Learning: A Literature Review. World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 8(7), 17-30. Retrieved from https://www.wjert.org/home/article_abstract/1245
Barrera, L., Gomez, A. C., Padernos, J. L. F., Villanueva, P. P., Jr., & Espinosa, M. J. G. (2022). The Experiences of Selected Teachers in Dasmarinas City During the Initial Implementation of Online Distance Learning (ODL) in the Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(3), 381-392. http://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.03.09
Bayod, R. P., & Bayod, C. M. D. (2020). Laying the Groundworks for Education of Children in the New Normal: The Case of DepEd Southern Mindanao. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, 30(8), 443-448.
Bervell, B., & Umar, I. N. (2017). A Decade of LMS Acceptance and Adoption Research in Sub-Sahara African Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Models, Methodologies, Milestones and Main Challenges. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(11), 7269-7286. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79444
Bouchrika, I. (2024a, April 17). List of Learning Management Systems for Schools and Universities in 2024. Research.com. Retrived from https://research.com/software/list-of-learning-management-systems-for-schools-and-universities
Bouchrika, I. (2024b, April 17). What is LMS: Benefits, Features, Types and Uses in 2024. Research.com. Retrieved from https://research.com/education/what-is-lms
Cajilla, K. Z., & Bug-os, M. A. A. C. (2022). Students Perceived Satisfaction and Academic Performance Utilizing a Gamified Learning Management System for Senior High School. Science International, 34(6), 639-645.
de Oliveira, P. C., de Almeida Cunha, C. J. C., & Nakayama, M. K. (2016). Learning Management Systems (LMS) and e-Learning Management: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda. JISTEM - Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 13(2), 157-180. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-17752016000200001
Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines. (2020a, June 19). Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for School Year 2020-2021 in the Light of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (DepEd Order No. 12, s.2020). Philippines: Department of Education.
Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines. (2020b, July 1). DepEd Learning Management System (LMS) and Electronic Self-learning Modules (e-SLMs). Philippines: Department of Education.
Fatmi, N., Muhammad, I., Muliana, & Nasrah, S. (2021). The Utilization of Moodle-based Learning Management System (LMS) in Learning Mathematics and Physics to Students’ Cognitive Learning Outcomes. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 3(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v3i2.4665
Fenton, W. (2018, January 12). The Best (LMS) Learning Management Systems. PCMag. Retrieved from https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-lms-learning-management-systems
Fernandez, E. A. (2023). Bright Space Learning Management System as Online Learning Support: Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences. International Journal of Arts, Sciences and Education, 4(1), 149-158. Retrieved from https://ijase.org/index.php/ijase/article/view/224
Fullente, N. A. L., & Dio, R. V. (2023). Utilization of the Moodle Learning Management System of Private Schools Mathematics Teachers in Sorsogon, Philippines. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 9(2), 2535-2544. Retrieved from https://ijariie.com/FormDetails.aspx?MenuScriptId=218725
Furqon, M., Sinaga, P., Liliasari, L., & Riza, L. S. (2023). The Impact of Learning Management System (LMS) Usage on Students. TEM Journal, 12(2), 1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM122-54
Gamage, S. H. P. W., Ayres, J. R., & Behrend, M. B. (2022). A Systematic Review on Trends in Using Moodle for Teaching and Learning. International Journal of STEM Education, 9, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-021-00323-x
Garcia, R. C., Arpilleda, A. J., Mallillin, M. R., & Abadiano, M. N. (2022). Utilization of Quipper Application as Learning Management System in Teaching as Experienced by the Junior High School Teachers of St. Paul University Surigao. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 5(1), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v5i1p113
Global, E. (2023, November 25). Unveiling the Three Major Types of Learning Management Systems. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@globalelvis7/unveiling-the-three-major-types-of-learning-management-systems-c62d9adf8ffd
Hernando-Malipot, M. (2022, May 14). DepEd’s Digital Rise Program a Key Player to Address Challenges in Education Quality. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/13/depeds-digital-rise-program-a-key-player-to-address-challenges-in-education-quality
Hong, Q. N., Gonzalez-Reyes, A., & Pluye, P. (2018). Improving the Usefulness of a Tool for Appraising the Quality of Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 24(3), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12884
Ismaili, Y. (2021). Evaluation of Students’ Attitude Toward Distance Learning During the Pandemic (COVID 19): A Case Study of ELTE University. On the Horizon, 29(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-09-2020-0032
Jaca, C. A. L. (2022). Students’ Online Class Experiences Using Google Classroom Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 3(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v3i1.409
Kunju, S. P. (2021, December 10). What are the Different Types of LMS Out There? Edly. Retrieved from https://edly.io/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-lms-out-there/
Lalap, V. G., Jr. (2021). Students’ Academic Performance and their Perception on the Use of Google Applications in Social Studies. EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), 6(7),
564-571. Retrieved from https://eprajournals.com/IJSR/article/5533/
Mohd Kasim, N. N., & Khalid, F. (2016). Choosing the Right Learning Management System (LMS) for the Higher Education Institution Context: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 11(6), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i06.5644
Nolasco, C. E. (2022, February 1). Online Distance Learning: The New Normal in Education. eLearning Industry. Retrieved from https://elearningindustry.com/online-distance-learning-the-new-normal-in-education
Obana, J. (2021, June 2). Learning Management System: An Essential Tool to Enhance Remote Education. P & A Grant Thornton. Retrieved from https://www.grantthornton.com.ph/insights/articles-and-updates1/from-where-we-sit/learning-management-system-an-essential-tool-to-enhance-remote-education/
Samson, V., & Yango, A. (2023). Effectiveness of Learning Management System, Teachers’ Techno-Pedagogical Skills, and Students’ Learning Engagement in Senior High School at the University of Perpetual Help System-Jonelta Campuses. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 44(1), 220-240. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v44i1.8949
Seth, S. (2017, August 3). Challenges and Benefits of Learning Management Systems. GnosisConnect. Retrieved from https://www.gnosisconnect.com/resources/blog/challenges-benefits-of-learning-management-systems-lms/
Sombria, K. J. F., Celestial, D. L., Jalagat, C. G. M., & Valdez, A. G. (2023). Online Learning Through Google Classroom: Effects on Students Critical Thinking Skills in Chemistry. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education, 3(2), 193-210. Retrieved from https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/AJSEE/article/view/49794
Turnbull, D., Chugh, R., & Luck, J. (2020). Learning Management Systems, An Overview. In A. Tatnall (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies (pp. 1052-1058). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_248
Weldon, A., Ma, W. W. K., Ho, I. M. K., & Li, E. (2021). Online Learning During a Global Pandemic: Perceived Benefits and Issues in Higher Education. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 13(2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2021.13.009
Xin, N. S., Shibghatullah, A. S., Subaramaniam, K., & Wahab, M. H. A. (2021). A Systematic Review for Online Learning Management System. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874, 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012030
Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students’ Perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45-51. http://www.doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309
Aguilar, M. A. A., Braganza, J. C., Guiwanas, G. D., Magpayo, E. C., & Patacsil, F. F. (2021). Design and Implementation of i-lnhs: A Learning Management System for Lananpin National High School. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 14(39), 2982-2997. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i39.1142
Aldiab, A., Chowdhury, H., Kootsookos, A., Alam, F., & Allhibi, H. (2019). Utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in Higher Education System: A Case Review for Saudi Arabia. Energy Procedia, 160, 731-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.186
Al-Sharhan, S., Al-Hunaiyyan, A., Alhajri, R., & Al-Huwail, N. (2019). Utilization of Learning Management System (LMS) Among Instructors and Students. In Z. Zakaria, & R. Ahmad (Eds.), Advances in Electronics Engineering, Proceeding of the ICCEE 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (pp. 15-23). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1289-6_2
Altinpulluk, H., & Kesim, M. (2021). A Systematic Review of the Tendencies in the Use of Learning Management System. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.961812
Asenahabi, B. M., Ikoha, P. A., & Nambiro, A. W. (2022). Learning Management System Usability Towards Online Learning: A Literature Review. World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 8(7), 17-30. Retrieved from https://www.wjert.org/home/article_abstract/1245
Barrera, L., Gomez, A. C., Padernos, J. L. F., Villanueva, P. P., Jr., & Espinosa, M. J. G. (2022). The Experiences of Selected Teachers in Dasmarinas City During the Initial Implementation of Online Distance Learning (ODL) in the Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(3), 381-392. http://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.03.09
Bayod, R. P., & Bayod, C. M. D. (2020). Laying the Groundworks for Education of Children in the New Normal: The Case of DepEd Southern Mindanao. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, 30(8), 443-448.
Bervell, B., & Umar, I. N. (2017). A Decade of LMS Acceptance and Adoption Research in Sub-Sahara African Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Models, Methodologies, Milestones and Main Challenges. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(11), 7269-7286. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79444
Bouchrika, I. (2024a, April 17). List of Learning Management Systems for Schools and Universities in 2024. Research.com. Retrived from https://research.com/software/list-of-learning-management-systems-for-schools-and-universities
Bouchrika, I. (2024b, April 17). What is LMS: Benefits, Features, Types and Uses in 2024. Research.com. Retrieved from https://research.com/education/what-is-lms
Cajilla, K. Z., & Bug-os, M. A. A. C. (2022). Students Perceived Satisfaction and Academic Performance Utilizing a Gamified Learning Management System for Senior High School. Science International, 34(6), 639-645.
de Oliveira, P. C., de Almeida Cunha, C. J. C., & Nakayama, M. K. (2016). Learning Management Systems (LMS) and e-Learning Management: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda. JISTEM - Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 13(2), 157-180. https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-17752016000200001
Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines. (2020a, June 19). Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for School Year 2020-2021 in the Light of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (DepEd Order No. 12, s.2020). Philippines: Department of Education.
Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines. (2020b, July 1). DepEd Learning Management System (LMS) and Electronic Self-learning Modules (e-SLMs). Philippines: Department of Education.
Fatmi, N., Muhammad, I., Muliana, & Nasrah, S. (2021). The Utilization of Moodle-based Learning Management System (LMS) in Learning Mathematics and Physics to Students’ Cognitive Learning Outcomes. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 3(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v3i2.4665
Fenton, W. (2018, January 12). The Best (LMS) Learning Management Systems. PCMag. Retrieved from https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-lms-learning-management-systems
Fernandez, E. A. (2023). Bright Space Learning Management System as Online Learning Support: Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences. International Journal of Arts, Sciences and Education, 4(1), 149-158. Retrieved from https://ijase.org/index.php/ijase/article/view/224
Fullente, N. A. L., & Dio, R. V. (2023). Utilization of the Moodle Learning Management System of Private Schools Mathematics Teachers in Sorsogon, Philippines. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 9(2), 2535-2544. Retrieved from https://ijariie.com/FormDetails.aspx?MenuScriptId=218725
Furqon, M., Sinaga, P., Liliasari, L., & Riza, L. S. (2023). The Impact of Learning Management System (LMS) Usage on Students. TEM Journal, 12(2), 1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM122-54
Gamage, S. H. P. W., Ayres, J. R., & Behrend, M. B. (2022). A Systematic Review on Trends in Using Moodle for Teaching and Learning. International Journal of STEM Education, 9, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-021-00323-x
Garcia, R. C., Arpilleda, A. J., Mallillin, M. R., & Abadiano, M. N. (2022). Utilization of Quipper Application as Learning Management System in Teaching as Experienced by the Junior High School Teachers of St. Paul University Surigao. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 5(1), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v5i1p113
Global, E. (2023, November 25). Unveiling the Three Major Types of Learning Management Systems. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@globalelvis7/unveiling-the-three-major-types-of-learning-management-systems-c62d9adf8ffd
Hernando-Malipot, M. (2022, May 14). DepEd’s Digital Rise Program a Key Player to Address Challenges in Education Quality. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/13/depeds-digital-rise-program-a-key-player-to-address-challenges-in-education-quality
Hong, Q. N., Gonzalez-Reyes, A., & Pluye, P. (2018). Improving the Usefulness of a Tool for Appraising the Quality of Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 24(3), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12884
Ismaili, Y. (2021). Evaluation of Students’ Attitude Toward Distance Learning During the Pandemic (COVID 19): A Case Study of ELTE University. On the Horizon, 29(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-09-2020-0032
Jaca, C. A. L. (2022). Students’ Online Class Experiences Using Google Classroom Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 3(1), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v3i1.409
Kunju, S. P. (2021, December 10). What are the Different Types of LMS Out There? Edly. Retrieved from https://edly.io/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-lms-out-there/
Lalap, V. G., Jr. (2021). Students’ Academic Performance and their Perception on the Use of Google Applications in Social Studies. EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), 6(7),
564-571. Retrieved from https://eprajournals.com/IJSR/article/5533/
Mohd Kasim, N. N., & Khalid, F. (2016). Choosing the Right Learning Management System (LMS) for the Higher Education Institution Context: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 11(6), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i06.5644
Nolasco, C. E. (2022, February 1). Online Distance Learning: The New Normal in Education. eLearning Industry. Retrieved from https://elearningindustry.com/online-distance-learning-the-new-normal-in-education
Obana, J. (2021, June 2). Learning Management System: An Essential Tool to Enhance Remote Education. P & A Grant Thornton. Retrieved from https://www.grantthornton.com.ph/insights/articles-and-updates1/from-where-we-sit/learning-management-system-an-essential-tool-to-enhance-remote-education/
Samson, V., & Yango, A. (2023). Effectiveness of Learning Management System, Teachers’ Techno-Pedagogical Skills, and Students’ Learning Engagement in Senior High School at the University of Perpetual Help System-Jonelta Campuses. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 44(1), 220-240. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v44i1.8949
Seth, S. (2017, August 3). Challenges and Benefits of Learning Management Systems. GnosisConnect. Retrieved from https://www.gnosisconnect.com/resources/blog/challenges-benefits-of-learning-management-systems-lms/
Sombria, K. J. F., Celestial, D. L., Jalagat, C. G. M., & Valdez, A. G. (2023). Online Learning Through Google Classroom: Effects on Students Critical Thinking Skills in Chemistry. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education, 3(2), 193-210. Retrieved from https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/AJSEE/article/view/49794
Turnbull, D., Chugh, R., & Luck, J. (2020). Learning Management Systems, An Overview. In A. Tatnall (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies (pp. 1052-1058). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_248
Weldon, A., Ma, W. W. K., Ho, I. M. K., & Li, E. (2021). Online Learning During a Global Pandemic: Perceived Benefits and Issues in Higher Education. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 13(2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2021.13.009
Xin, N. S., Shibghatullah, A. S., Subaramaniam, K., & Wahab, M. H. A. (2021). A Systematic Review for Online Learning Management System. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874, 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012030
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How to Cite
BORABO, Jonnell G. et al.
Impact of the Utilization of Learning Management System in the Implementation of Distance Learning in Secondary Schools in the Philippines from 2019 to 2023.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 17, n. 2, p. 1-13, june 2024.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-17-No-2-2024-1-13>. Date accessed: 30 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2024.9.