Spill the Tea: Current Conditions and External Factors Affecting EnTEApreneurs in Lagawe, Ifugao, Philippines
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Published
Aug 13, 2023
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Abstract
Entrepreneurship is crucial to rural development. Utilizing community resources, boosting local economies, and enhancing company capacities are all necessary for rural development. As a result, this study presents the current conditions and external factors affecting enTEApreneurs in Lagawe, Ifugao as a basis for a thorough recommendation towards a sustainable herb tea industry in the locality. Specifically, this study explored current conditions of the herb tea enTEApreneurs based on One Town One Product Criteria. Moreover, this study determined the access to finance, technology, market, social infrastructures, and environmental factors among heb tea enTEApreneurs. To achieve the stated study aims, both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. A researcher-made questionnaire with eight (8) enTEApreneurs as well as key informant interviews with five (5) local government unit officials and government agency representatives were used to gather information and shed light on stated objectives. Based on the One Town One Product (OTOP) in the Philippines using weighted means and inductive analysis, findings revealed that local tea herb products are in good condition as reflected in their product quality, product design, packaging and labeling, marketing strategies, branding, production, delivery, and financial capability, innovations, good customer experience and integration of cultural value to their product and processes. Additionally, enTEApreneurs have access to a range of governmental infrastructure supports in terms of the commercial, social, and technical spheres. However, it can be noted that enTEApreneurs do have access to finance provided by identified government agencies. Thus, enTEApreneurs started to develop their products to meet the needs and standards of consumers and other agencies towards reaching a larger market, making herb tea products to have the potential to be widely distributed and recognized. With this, thorough recommendations in areas of current condition and external factors affecting the business were forwarded to identified government agencies and to enTEApreneurs to strengthen the tea industry in the locality for sustainable rural development.
Keywords: Access to Finance, Cultural Value, Entrepreneurship, Herb Tea EnTEApreneurs, One Town One Product, Product Potentials
References
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Angeles, I. T. (2022). A Qualitative Study on the Effect of Access to Finance on the Growth Motivation of Micro-and Small Enterprise Owners in the Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 3(1), 317-327. https://doi.org/10.54660/anfo.2022.3.1.16
Barroga, K. D., Rola, A. C., Depositario, D. P. T., Digal, L. N., & Pabuayon, I. M. (2019). Determinants of the Extent of Technological Innovation Adoption Among Micro, Small, and Medium Food Processing Enterprises in Davao Region, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 148(4), 825-839.
Bassi, P., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., Kaur, S., Gat, Y., & Majid, I. (2020). Importance and Prior Considerations for Development and Utilization of Tea Bags: A Critical Review. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 43(1), e13069. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13069
Bennett, D. L. (2019). Infrastructure Investments and Entrepreneurial Dynamism in the U.S. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(5), 105907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.10.005
Bobková, A., Fikselová, M., Bobko, M., Lopašovský, Ľ., Tóth, T., & Zeleňáková, L. (2015). Selected Parameters of Quality and Safety of Herbal Tea. Potravinárstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 9(1), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.5219/451
Chandrasekara, A., & Shahidi, F. (2018). Herbal Beverages: Bioactive Compounds and their Role in Disease Risk Reduction-A Review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.006
Chen, S., Liu, H., Zhao, X., Li, X., Shan, W., Wang, X., … Yu, X. (2020). Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Dynamic Changes of Volatile and Non-volatile Metabolites During Oolong Tea Manufacture. Food Research International, 128, 108778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108778
Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index, Department of Trade and Industry. (2022). Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index 2020 Rankings. Retrieved from https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/index.php
Claymone, Y., & Jaiborisudhi, W. (2011). A Study on One Village One Product Project (OVOP) in Japan and Thailand as an Alternative of Community Development in Indonesia. The International Journal of East Asian Studies, 16(1), 51-62. Retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easttu/article/view/51148
Fink, M., Lang, R., & Richter, R. (2017). Social Entrepreneurship in Marginalised Rural Europe: Towards Evidence-based Policy for Enhanced Social Innovation. Regions Magazine, 306(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13673882.2017.11878963
Francisco, J. P., & Canare, T. (2019). The Challenges to SME Market Access in the Philippines and the Role of Business Associations. Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. Retrieved from https://apfcanada-msme.ca/research/challenges-sme-market-access-philippines-and-role-business-associations
Fu, B., Huo, Y., & Zhao, H. (2012). Coordinated Scheduling of Production and Delivery with Production Window and Delivery Capacity Constraints. Theoretical Computer Science, 422, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2011.11.035
González, M. F., Husted, B. W., & Aigner, D. J. (2017). Opportunity Discovery and Creation in Social Entrepreneurship: An Exploratory Study in Mexico. Journal of Business Research, 81, 212-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.10.032
Hamsal, M., & Ichsan, M. (2020). Business Sustainability in the Times of Crisis: Propositions and Framework. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 729, International Conference on Biospheric Harmony Advanced Research (ICOBAR 2020), Jakarta, Indonesia, 23-24 June 2020. Bristol, UK.: IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/729/1/012049
Kumar, R., & Raj, T. (2019). Role of Entrepreneurship in Boosting Economic Growth and Employment in India. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal), 46(4), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0970846419894750
López, M., Cazorla, A., & del Pilar Panta, M. (2019). Rural Entrepreneurship Strategies: Empirical Experience in the Northern Sub-Plateau of Spain. Sustainability, 11(5), 1243. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11051243
Malinao, C. W. M. (2021). Are People in Ifugao, Philippines Entrepreneurship? Shedding Light on Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Motivations, Challenges, and Intentions Among Ifugao. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Creative Economy, 1(2), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijebce.v1i2.517
Malinao, C. W. M. (2022). Evaluation of the Impact of Some Factors on Coffee Producers Towards Sustainable Rural Development in Lagawe, Ifugao of Philippines. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(6), 595-609. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2022.100601
Mamaril, G. M., Claveria, S. C., & Navarro, J. R. (2016). Acceptability of Matured Papaya Leaves Tea. Southeast Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 24-27. Retrieved from https://www.sajst.org/online/index.php/sajst/article/view/5
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Sahito, N. (2021). The Role of SMEs in Rural Development: Access of SMEs to Finance as a Mediator. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0247598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247598
Miagina, A., Biso, H., & Kembauw, E. (2021). Sustainable Development Through the One Village One Product (OVOP) Approach for Local Commodities. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 755, Annual Conference on Health and Food Science Technology (ACHOST 2020), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 25 November 2020. Bristol, UK.: IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/755/1/012071
Mucas, R., Taberna, H. S., Jr., Ticar, B. F., Mabaquiao, N. H., & Celda, R. L. (2019). Performance Evaluation of a Programmable Dehydrator Machine for Herbal Tea Materials. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 9(6), 23138-23142.
Mugo, A. N., Kahuthia, J., & Kinyua, G. (2019). Effects of Infrastructure on Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya: A Case of Clothing and Textile Businesses in Nairobi Central Business District. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(6), 133-149. Retrieved from https://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajhrba_v3_i6_133_149.pdf
Nasution, S. Y., Andini, G., Prawira, Y., & Azzahra, D. (2019). Marketing Strategy Analysis of Nano Tea Product Based on Mangosteen Peel (Gracinia Mangostana) to Promote Functional Foods Industry. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (IJBE), 5(3), 263-274. http://doi.org/10.17358/ijbe.5.3.263
National Economic and Development Authority. (2022). Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028. Philippines: National Economic and Development Authority. Retrieved from https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PDP-2023-2028.pdf
Nguyen, B., & Canh, N. P. (2021). Formal and Informal Financing Decisions of Small Businesses. Small Business Economics, 57, 1545–1567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00361-9
Nikolić, T. M., Perić, N., & Bovan, A. (2020). The Role of Feedback as a Management Tool in Performance Management Program. Quality-Access to Success, 21(177), 3-8.
Nurmilah, S., & Utama, G. L. (2022). A Review on Current Trend of Next Generation of Teas. Food Research, 6(5), 412-424. htps://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(5).486
Nusraningrum, D., & Nhan, T. T. (2019). Inventory Management: Raw Materials for Small Enterprise. International Conference on Community Development, 2(1), 390-393. https://doi.org/10.33068/iccd.Vol2.Iss1.133
OTOP Program Management Office, Department of Trade and Industry. (n.d.). DTI One Town One Product (OTOP) Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/29224903/DTI_ONE_TOWN_ONE_PRODUCT_OTOP_PHILIPPINES
Pato, L. (2020). Entrepreneurship and Innovation Towards Rural Development Evidence from a Peripheral Area in Portugal. European Countryside, 12(2), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0012
Paul, M., & Sharma, A. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a Tool for Rural Development. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(3), 319-322.
Prayusi, N. D., & Andriani, E. (2022). The Role of Food Product Packaging Labels on Product Purchase Interest. Bulletin of Culinary Art and Hospitality, 2(2), 57-60. http://doi.org/10.17977/um069v2i22022p57-60
Radu, L.-D. (2015). Investments in Technological Innovations: A Literature Review of Organization Determinants. European Scientific Journal, 1, 52-59.
Raihan, R. Z., & Famiola, M. (2021). Integrated Marketing Communication for Herbal Tea Industry. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB), 6(34), 29–42.
Ravikumar, C. (2014). Review on Herbal Teas. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(5), 236-238.
Rogerson, C. M. (2013). Improving Market Access Opportunities for Urban Small, Medium and Micro-enterprises in South Africa. Urbani Izziv, 24(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2013-24-02-005
Sazon, M. B. (2022). Phytochemical Analysis, Sensory Evaluation and Acceptabilitt of Plant Leaves for Herbal Tea: Towards Intellectual Property Asset. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(6), 622-641. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S06.088
Stević, T., Pavlović, S., Stanković, S., & Šavikin, K. (2012). Pathogenic Microorganisms of Medicinal Herbal Drugs. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64(1), 49-58.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha when Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Research in Science Education, 48(1), 1273-1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Yap, O. F. (2020). A New Normal or Business as Usual? Lessons for COVID 19 from Financial Crises in East and Southeast Asia. The European Journal of Development Research, 32, 1504–1534. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00327-3
Yildirim, R. M., Ozulku, G., Toker, O. S., Baslar, M., Durak, M. Z., & Sagdic, O. (2017). Modeling of Bioactive Compound Content of Different Tea Bags: Effect of Steeping Temperature and Time. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(1), e12773. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12773
Zarsuelo, M.-A. M., Zordilla, Z. D., & Anacio, D. B. (2018). Review of Regulatory Policies on and Benefits of Herbal Medicine in the Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina, 52(5), 473-479. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v52i5.334
Akinyele, S. T., Akinyele, F. E., & Ajagunna, O. D. (2016). Infrastructural Development as Predictor to Small & Medium Enterprises Performance in Nigeria. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(3), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.12816/0033237
Angeles, I. T. (2022). A Qualitative Study on the Effect of Access to Finance on the Growth Motivation of Micro-and Small Enterprise Owners in the Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 3(1), 317-327. https://doi.org/10.54660/anfo.2022.3.1.16
Barroga, K. D., Rola, A. C., Depositario, D. P. T., Digal, L. N., & Pabuayon, I. M. (2019). Determinants of the Extent of Technological Innovation Adoption Among Micro, Small, and Medium Food Processing Enterprises in Davao Region, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 148(4), 825-839.
Bassi, P., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., Kaur, S., Gat, Y., & Majid, I. (2020). Importance and Prior Considerations for Development and Utilization of Tea Bags: A Critical Review. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 43(1), e13069. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13069
Bennett, D. L. (2019). Infrastructure Investments and Entrepreneurial Dynamism in the U.S. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(5), 105907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.10.005
Bobková, A., Fikselová, M., Bobko, M., Lopašovský, Ľ., Tóth, T., & Zeleňáková, L. (2015). Selected Parameters of Quality and Safety of Herbal Tea. Potravinárstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 9(1), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.5219/451
Chandrasekara, A., & Shahidi, F. (2018). Herbal Beverages: Bioactive Compounds and their Role in Disease Risk Reduction-A Review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.006
Chen, S., Liu, H., Zhao, X., Li, X., Shan, W., Wang, X., … Yu, X. (2020). Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Dynamic Changes of Volatile and Non-volatile Metabolites During Oolong Tea Manufacture. Food Research International, 128, 108778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108778
Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index, Department of Trade and Industry. (2022). Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index 2020 Rankings. Retrieved from https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/index.php
Claymone, Y., & Jaiborisudhi, W. (2011). A Study on One Village One Product Project (OVOP) in Japan and Thailand as an Alternative of Community Development in Indonesia. The International Journal of East Asian Studies, 16(1), 51-62. Retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easttu/article/view/51148
Fink, M., Lang, R., & Richter, R. (2017). Social Entrepreneurship in Marginalised Rural Europe: Towards Evidence-based Policy for Enhanced Social Innovation. Regions Magazine, 306(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13673882.2017.11878963
Francisco, J. P., & Canare, T. (2019). The Challenges to SME Market Access in the Philippines and the Role of Business Associations. Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. Retrieved from https://apfcanada-msme.ca/research/challenges-sme-market-access-philippines-and-role-business-associations
Fu, B., Huo, Y., & Zhao, H. (2012). Coordinated Scheduling of Production and Delivery with Production Window and Delivery Capacity Constraints. Theoretical Computer Science, 422, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2011.11.035
González, M. F., Husted, B. W., & Aigner, D. J. (2017). Opportunity Discovery and Creation in Social Entrepreneurship: An Exploratory Study in Mexico. Journal of Business Research, 81, 212-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.10.032
Hamsal, M., & Ichsan, M. (2020). Business Sustainability in the Times of Crisis: Propositions and Framework. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 729, International Conference on Biospheric Harmony Advanced Research (ICOBAR 2020), Jakarta, Indonesia, 23-24 June 2020. Bristol, UK.: IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/729/1/012049
Kumar, R., & Raj, T. (2019). Role of Entrepreneurship in Boosting Economic Growth and Employment in India. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal), 46(4), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0970846419894750
López, M., Cazorla, A., & del Pilar Panta, M. (2019). Rural Entrepreneurship Strategies: Empirical Experience in the Northern Sub-Plateau of Spain. Sustainability, 11(5), 1243. http://doi.org/10.3390/su11051243
Malinao, C. W. M. (2021). Are People in Ifugao, Philippines Entrepreneurship? Shedding Light on Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Motivations, Challenges, and Intentions Among Ifugao. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Creative Economy, 1(2), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijebce.v1i2.517
Malinao, C. W. M. (2022). Evaluation of the Impact of Some Factors on Coffee Producers Towards Sustainable Rural Development in Lagawe, Ifugao of Philippines. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(6), 595-609. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2022.100601
Mamaril, G. M., Claveria, S. C., & Navarro, J. R. (2016). Acceptability of Matured Papaya Leaves Tea. Southeast Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 24-27. Retrieved from https://www.sajst.org/online/index.php/sajst/article/view/5
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Sahito, N. (2021). The Role of SMEs in Rural Development: Access of SMEs to Finance as a Mediator. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0247598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247598
Miagina, A., Biso, H., & Kembauw, E. (2021). Sustainable Development Through the One Village One Product (OVOP) Approach for Local Commodities. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 755, Annual Conference on Health and Food Science Technology (ACHOST 2020), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 25 November 2020. Bristol, UK.: IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/755/1/012071
Mucas, R., Taberna, H. S., Jr., Ticar, B. F., Mabaquiao, N. H., & Celda, R. L. (2019). Performance Evaluation of a Programmable Dehydrator Machine for Herbal Tea Materials. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 9(6), 23138-23142.
Mugo, A. N., Kahuthia, J., & Kinyua, G. (2019). Effects of Infrastructure on Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya: A Case of Clothing and Textile Businesses in Nairobi Central Business District. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(6), 133-149. Retrieved from https://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajhrba_v3_i6_133_149.pdf
Nasution, S. Y., Andini, G., Prawira, Y., & Azzahra, D. (2019). Marketing Strategy Analysis of Nano Tea Product Based on Mangosteen Peel (Gracinia Mangostana) to Promote Functional Foods Industry. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship (IJBE), 5(3), 263-274. http://doi.org/10.17358/ijbe.5.3.263
National Economic and Development Authority. (2022). Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028. Philippines: National Economic and Development Authority. Retrieved from https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PDP-2023-2028.pdf
Nguyen, B., & Canh, N. P. (2021). Formal and Informal Financing Decisions of Small Businesses. Small Business Economics, 57, 1545–1567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00361-9
Nikolić, T. M., Perić, N., & Bovan, A. (2020). The Role of Feedback as a Management Tool in Performance Management Program. Quality-Access to Success, 21(177), 3-8.
Nurmilah, S., & Utama, G. L. (2022). A Review on Current Trend of Next Generation of Teas. Food Research, 6(5), 412-424. htps://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(5).486
Nusraningrum, D., & Nhan, T. T. (2019). Inventory Management: Raw Materials for Small Enterprise. International Conference on Community Development, 2(1), 390-393. https://doi.org/10.33068/iccd.Vol2.Iss1.133
OTOP Program Management Office, Department of Trade and Industry. (n.d.). DTI One Town One Product (OTOP) Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/29224903/DTI_ONE_TOWN_ONE_PRODUCT_OTOP_PHILIPPINES
Pato, L. (2020). Entrepreneurship and Innovation Towards Rural Development Evidence from a Peripheral Area in Portugal. European Countryside, 12(2), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2020-0012
Paul, M., & Sharma, A. (2013). Entrepreneurship as a Tool for Rural Development. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(3), 319-322.
Prayusi, N. D., & Andriani, E. (2022). The Role of Food Product Packaging Labels on Product Purchase Interest. Bulletin of Culinary Art and Hospitality, 2(2), 57-60. http://doi.org/10.17977/um069v2i22022p57-60
Radu, L.-D. (2015). Investments in Technological Innovations: A Literature Review of Organization Determinants. European Scientific Journal, 1, 52-59.
Raihan, R. Z., & Famiola, M. (2021). Integrated Marketing Communication for Herbal Tea Industry. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB), 6(34), 29–42.
Ravikumar, C. (2014). Review on Herbal Teas. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(5), 236-238.
Rogerson, C. M. (2013). Improving Market Access Opportunities for Urban Small, Medium and Micro-enterprises in South Africa. Urbani Izziv, 24(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2013-24-02-005
Sazon, M. B. (2022). Phytochemical Analysis, Sensory Evaluation and Acceptabilitt of Plant Leaves for Herbal Tea: Towards Intellectual Property Asset. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(6), 622-641. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S06.088
Stević, T., Pavlović, S., Stanković, S., & Šavikin, K. (2012). Pathogenic Microorganisms of Medicinal Herbal Drugs. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64(1), 49-58.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha when Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Research in Science Education, 48(1), 1273-1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Yap, O. F. (2020). A New Normal or Business as Usual? Lessons for COVID 19 from Financial Crises in East and Southeast Asia. The European Journal of Development Research, 32, 1504–1534. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00327-3
Yildirim, R. M., Ozulku, G., Toker, O. S., Baslar, M., Durak, M. Z., & Sagdic, O. (2017). Modeling of Bioactive Compound Content of Different Tea Bags: Effect of Steeping Temperature and Time. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(1), e12773. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12773
Zarsuelo, M.-A. M., Zordilla, Z. D., & Anacio, D. B. (2018). Review of Regulatory Policies on and Benefits of Herbal Medicine in the Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina, 52(5), 473-479. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v52i5.334
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How to Cite
MALINAO, Client William M..
Spill the Tea: Current Conditions and External Factors Affecting EnTEApreneurs in Lagawe, Ifugao, Philippines.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 16, n. 3, p. 35-54, aug. 2023.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-16-No-3-2023-35-54>. Date accessed: 30 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2023.24.