Anti-Obesity of Dried Mulberry Fruit Powder in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet
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Published
Sep 22, 2020
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Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem often caused by a high-fat diet (HF). Certain natural products can prevent this, including mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.), which has been reported to be able to reduce the body weight (BW) and contain several health benefits. However, most studies have mainly looked at the effect of plant extracts, not a natural unprocessed mulberry fruit. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the effect of dried mulberry fruit powder (DMP) on BW, food intake, visceral fat accumulation and liver weight and lipid in mice fed with HF. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 5 groups and fed with different diets for 3 months; i) normal diet (control), ii) HF, iii) HF+10 mg/kg DMP (HF+DMP10), iv) HF+100 mg/kg DMP (HF+DMP100) and HF+5mg/kg atorvastatin (HF+ATV5). BW, food intake, visceral fat accumulation and liver lipid including total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were evaluated. HF consumption significantly increased BW, food intake, visceral fat accumulation, liver weight and liver TC and TG (P < 0.001 vs control). DMP (10 and 100 mg/kg) and atorvastatin effectively reduced BW and food intake (P < 0.001-0.01 vs HF) and prevented visceral fat accumulation in HF-fed mice. The liver weight was found significant lower in DMP group (P < 0.001 vs HF), but not in ATV5 group. Liver TC was reduced by treatment with DMP, both high and low dose, and atorvastatin (P < 0.001 vs HF), while the reduction of TG was observed only in the mice treated with the high dose of DMP or atorvastatin (P < 0.001 vs HF). In conclusion DMP, a natural unprocessed dried mulberry fruit product, possessed anti-obesity by reducing food intake and body weight. DMP also improved liver lipid profile, thus it can be developed as a food supplement for weight control and prevention against liver lipid accumulation due to HF consumption.
Keywords: Morus alba, Mulberry Fruit, Obesity, Food Intake, High Fat Diet
References
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Arfan, M., Khan, R., Rybarczyk, A., & Amarowicz, R. (2012). Antioxidant Activity of Mulberry Fruit Extracts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 2472-2480. DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022472
Azzini, E., Giacometti, J., & Russo, G. L. (2017). Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/
2017/2740364
Chaovanalikit, A., & Wrolstad, R. E. (2004). Total Anthocyanins and Total Phenolics of Fresh and Processed Cherries and their Antioxidant Properties. Journal of Food Science, 69(1), FCT67-FCT72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb17858.x
Chen, C., Huang, Q., You, L.-G., & Fu, X. (2017). Chemical Property and Impacts of Different Polysaccharide Fractions from Fructus Mori. on Lipolysis with Digestion Model in Vitro. Carbohydrate Polymers, 178, 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.015
Choi, J. W., Synytsya, A., Capek, P., Bleha, R., Pohl, R., & Park, Y. I. (2016). Structural Analysis and Anti-Obesity Effect of a Pectic Polysaccharide Isolated from Korean Mulberry Fruit Oddi (Morus alba L.). Carbohydrate Polymers, 146, 187–196. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.043
Elagizi, A., Kachur, S., Lavie, C. J., Carbone, S., Pandey, A., Ortega, F. B., & Milani, R. V. (2018). An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 61(2), 142-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.003
Fu, C., Jiang, Y., Guo, J., & Su, Z. (2016). Natural Products with Anti-Obesity Effects and Different Mechanisms of Action. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(51), 9571-9585.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04468
Gadde, K. M., Martin, C. K., Berthoud, H.-R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2018). Obesity: Pathophysiology and Management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.011
Guo, H., Liu, G., Zhong, R., Wang, Y., Wang, D., & Xia, M. (2012). Cyanidin-3-O-β-Glucoside Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism via an AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Human HepG2 Cells. Lipids in Health and Disease, 11, 1-13. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-10
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Istvan, E. S. (2002). Structural Mechanism for Statin Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase. American Heart Journal, 144(6), S27-S32. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2002.
130300
Jia, Y., Kim, J.-Y., Jun, H.-J., Kim, S.-J., Lee, J.-H., Hoang, M. H., …Lee, S.-J. (2013). Cyanidin is an Agonistic Ligand for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha Reducing Hepatic Lipid. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1831(4), 698-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.11.012
Jiao, Y., Wang, X., Jiang, X., Kong, F., Wang, S., & Yan, C. (2017). Antidiabetic Effects of Morus alba fruit Polysaccharides on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 199, 119-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.003
Józefczuk, J., Malikowska, K., Glapa, A., Stawińska-Witoszyńska, B., Nowak, J. K., Bajerska, J., … Walkowiak, J. (2017). Mulberry Leaf Extract Decreases Digestion and Absorption of Starch in Healthy Subjects-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Advances in Medical Sciences, 62(2),
302-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2017.03.002
Karri, S., Sharma, S., Hatware, K., & Patil, K. (2019). Natural Anti-Obesity Agents and their Therapeutic Role in Management of Obesity: A Future Trend Perspective. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 110,
224-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.076
Krentz, A. J., Fujioka, K. & Hompesch, M. (2016). Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side-Effect Profiles. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 18(6), 558-570. https://doi.org/
10.1111/dom.12657
Lee, M. R., Kim, J. E., Choi, J. Y., Park, J. J., Kim, H. R., Song, B. R., … Hwang, D. Y. (2019). Anti‑Obesity Effect in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice: Study of a Novel Extract from Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves Fermented with Cordyceps Militaris. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17(3), 2185-2193. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7191
Lee, S., Lee, M.-S., Chang, E, Lee, Y., Lee, J., Kim, J., …Kim, Y. (2020). Mulberry Fruit Extract Promotes Serum HDL-Cholesterol Levels and Suppresses Hepatic Microrna-33 Expression in Rats Fed High Cholesterol/Cholic Acid Diet. Nutrients, 12(5), 1-14. DOI: 10.3390/nu12051499
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Leyva-Jiménez, F. J., Ruiz-Malagón, A. J., Molina-Tijeras, J. A., Diez-Echave, P., Vezza, T., Hidalgo-García, L., …Gálvez, J. (2020). Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Leaf Extracts from Four Different Morus alba Genotypes in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants, 9(8), 1-24. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080733
Li, Q., Liu, F., Liu, J., Liao, S. & Zou, Y. (2019). Mulberry Leaf Polyphenols and Fiber Induce Synergistic Antiobesity and Display a Modulation Effect on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Nutrients, 11(5), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051017
Lim, H. H., Lee, S. O., Kim, S. Y., Yang, S. J., & Lim, Y. (2013). Anti-Inflammatory and Antiobesity Effects of Mulberry Leaf and Fruit Extract on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 238(10), 1160-1169. DOI: 10.1177/1535370213498982
Mahmoubi, M. (2019). Morus alba (Mulberry), A Natural Potent Compound in Management of Obesity. Pharmacological Research, 146, 104341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104341
Mahmoud, M. Y. (2013). Natural Antioxidants Effect of Mulberry Fruits (Morus nigra and Morus alba L.)
on Lipids Profile and Oxidative Stress in Hypercholestrolemic Rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12(7),
665-672. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2013.665.672
Manna, P., & Jain, S. K. (2015). Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 13(10), 423-444. DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0095
Meldrum, D. R., Morris, M. A., & Gambone, J. C. (2017). Obesity Pandemic: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions—but Do We have the Will? Views and Reviews, 107(4), 833-839. DOI: 10.1016/
j.fertnstert.2017.02.104
Metwally, F. M., Rashad, H., & Mahmoud, A. A. (2019). Morus alba L. Diminishes Visceral Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, Behavioral Alterations via Regulation of Gene Expression of Leptin, Resistin and Adiponectin in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Physiology & Behavior, 201, 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/
j.physbeh.2018.12.010
Min, A. Y., Yoo, J.-M., Sok, D.-E, & Kim, M.-R. (2020). Mulberry Fruit Prevents Diabetes and Diabetic Dementia by Regulation of Blood Glucose through Upregulation of Antioxidative Activities and CREB/BDNF Pathway in Alloxaninduced Diabetic Mice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1298691
Parto, P., & Lavie, C. J. (2017). Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Current Problems in Cardiology, 42(11), 376-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2017.04.004
Patel, D. K., & Stanford, F. C. (2018). Safety and Tolerability of New-Generation Anti-Obesity Medications: A Narrative Review. Postgraduate Medicine, 130(2), 173-182. DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.
1435129
Rodríguez-Pérez, C., Segura-Carretero, A., & Contreras, M. D. M. (2019). Phenolic Compounds as Natural and Multifunctional Anti-Obesity Agents: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(8), 1212-1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859
Saliba, L. J., & Maffett, S. (2019). Hypertensive, Heart Disease and Obesity: A Review. Heart Failure Clinics, 15(4), 509-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.003
Song, W., Wang, H.-J., Bucheli, P., Zhang, P.-F., Wei, D.-Z., & Lu, Y.-H. (2009). Phytochemical Profiles of Different Mulberry (Morus sp.) Species from China. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(19), 9133-9140. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9022228
Sun, N.-N., Wu, T.-Y., & Chau, C.-F. (2016). Natural Dietary and Herbal Products in Anti-Obesity Treatment. Molecules, 21, 1-15. DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101351
Thomas, J. G., Bond, D. S., Phelan, S., Hill, J. O., & Wing, R. R. (2014). Weight-Loss Maintenance for 10 Years in the National Weight Control Registry. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.019
Ward, N. C., Watts, G. F., & Eckel, R. H. (2019). Statin Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications. Circulation Research, 124(2), 328-350. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782
Wharton, S., Bonder, R., Jeffery, A., & Christensen, R. A. G. (2020). The Safety and Effectiveness of Commonly-Marketed Natural Supplements for Weight Loss in Populations with Obesity: A Critical Review of the Literature from 2006 to 2016. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(10), 1614-1630. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1584873
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Obesity and Overweight. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/
en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Yang, X., Yang, L., & Zheng, H. (2010). Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit in Hyperlipidaemia Rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(8-9), 2374-2379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.074
Yimam, M., Jiao, P., Hong, M., Brownell, L., Lee, Y.-C., Hyun, E.-J., Kim, H.-J., Kim, T.-W., Nam, J.-B., Kim, M.-R., & Jia, Q. (2016). Appetite Suppression and Antiobesity Effect of a Botanical Composition Composed of Morus Alba, Yerba Mate, and Magnolia Officinalis. Journal of Obesity, 2016, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4670818
Yimam, M., Jiao, P., Hong, M., Brownell, L., Lee, Y.-C., Kim, H.-J., Nam, J.-B., Kim, M.-R., & Jia, Q. (2019). Morus alba, A Medicinal Plant for Appetite Suppression and Weight Loss. Journal of Medicinal Food, 22(7), 741-751. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0142
Yuan, Q., & Zhao, L. (2017). The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit-A Review of Characteristic Components and Health Benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65, 10383-10394. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03614
Zhang, H., Ma, Z. F., Luo, X. & Li X. (2018). Effects of Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.) Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Mini-Review. Antioxidants, 7(5), 1-13. DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050069
Apovian, C. M. (2016). Obesity: Definition, Comorbidities, Causes, and Burden. The American Journal of Managed Care, 22(7), S176-S185.
Arfan, M., Khan, R., Rybarczyk, A., & Amarowicz, R. (2012). Antioxidant Activity of Mulberry Fruit Extracts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13, 2472-2480. DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022472
Azzini, E., Giacometti, J., & Russo, G. L. (2017). Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/
2017/2740364
Chaovanalikit, A., & Wrolstad, R. E. (2004). Total Anthocyanins and Total Phenolics of Fresh and Processed Cherries and their Antioxidant Properties. Journal of Food Science, 69(1), FCT67-FCT72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb17858.x
Chen, C., Huang, Q., You, L.-G., & Fu, X. (2017). Chemical Property and Impacts of Different Polysaccharide Fractions from Fructus Mori. on Lipolysis with Digestion Model in Vitro. Carbohydrate Polymers, 178, 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.015
Choi, J. W., Synytsya, A., Capek, P., Bleha, R., Pohl, R., & Park, Y. I. (2016). Structural Analysis and Anti-Obesity Effect of a Pectic Polysaccharide Isolated from Korean Mulberry Fruit Oddi (Morus alba L.). Carbohydrate Polymers, 146, 187–196. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.043
Elagizi, A., Kachur, S., Lavie, C. J., Carbone, S., Pandey, A., Ortega, F. B., & Milani, R. V. (2018). An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 61(2), 142-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.003
Fu, C., Jiang, Y., Guo, J., & Su, Z. (2016). Natural Products with Anti-Obesity Effects and Different Mechanisms of Action. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64(51), 9571-9585.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04468
Gadde, K. M., Martin, C. K., Berthoud, H.-R., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2018). Obesity: Pathophysiology and Management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.011
Guo, H., Liu, G., Zhong, R., Wang, Y., Wang, D., & Xia, M. (2012). Cyanidin-3-O-β-Glucoside Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism via an AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Human HepG2 Cells. Lipids in Health and Disease, 11, 1-13. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-10
He, X., Fang, J., Ruan, Y., Wang, X., Sun, Y., Wu, N., … Huang, L. (2018). Structures, Bioactivities and Future Prospective of Polysaccharides from Morus alba (White Mulberry): A Review. Food Chemistry, 245, 899-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.084
Istvan, E. S. (2002). Structural Mechanism for Statin Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase. American Heart Journal, 144(6), S27-S32. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2002.
130300
Jia, Y., Kim, J.-Y., Jun, H.-J., Kim, S.-J., Lee, J.-H., Hoang, M. H., …Lee, S.-J. (2013). Cyanidin is an Agonistic Ligand for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha Reducing Hepatic Lipid. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1831(4), 698-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.11.012
Jiao, Y., Wang, X., Jiang, X., Kong, F., Wang, S., & Yan, C. (2017). Antidiabetic Effects of Morus alba fruit Polysaccharides on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 199, 119-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.003
Józefczuk, J., Malikowska, K., Glapa, A., Stawińska-Witoszyńska, B., Nowak, J. K., Bajerska, J., … Walkowiak, J. (2017). Mulberry Leaf Extract Decreases Digestion and Absorption of Starch in Healthy Subjects-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Advances in Medical Sciences, 62(2),
302-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2017.03.002
Karri, S., Sharma, S., Hatware, K., & Patil, K. (2019). Natural Anti-Obesity Agents and their Therapeutic Role in Management of Obesity: A Future Trend Perspective. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 110,
224-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.076
Krentz, A. J., Fujioka, K. & Hompesch, M. (2016). Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side-Effect Profiles. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 18(6), 558-570. https://doi.org/
10.1111/dom.12657
Lee, M. R., Kim, J. E., Choi, J. Y., Park, J. J., Kim, H. R., Song, B. R., … Hwang, D. Y. (2019). Anti‑Obesity Effect in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice: Study of a Novel Extract from Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves Fermented with Cordyceps Militaris. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 17(3), 2185-2193. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7191
Lee, S., Lee, M.-S., Chang, E, Lee, Y., Lee, J., Kim, J., …Kim, Y. (2020). Mulberry Fruit Extract Promotes Serum HDL-Cholesterol Levels and Suppresses Hepatic Microrna-33 Expression in Rats Fed High Cholesterol/Cholic Acid Diet. Nutrients, 12(5), 1-14. DOI: 10.3390/nu12051499
Lee, Y.-M., Yoon, Y., Yoon, H., Park, H.-M., Song, S., & Yeum, K.-J. (2017). Dietary Anthocyanins Against Obesity and Inflammation. Nutrients, 9, 1-15. DOI: 10.3390/nu9101089
Leyva-Jiménez, F. J., Ruiz-Malagón, A. J., Molina-Tijeras, J. A., Diez-Echave, P., Vezza, T., Hidalgo-García, L., …Gálvez, J. (2020). Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Leaf Extracts from Four Different Morus alba Genotypes in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants, 9(8), 1-24. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080733
Li, Q., Liu, F., Liu, J., Liao, S. & Zou, Y. (2019). Mulberry Leaf Polyphenols and Fiber Induce Synergistic Antiobesity and Display a Modulation Effect on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Nutrients, 11(5), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051017
Lim, H. H., Lee, S. O., Kim, S. Y., Yang, S. J., & Lim, Y. (2013). Anti-Inflammatory and Antiobesity Effects of Mulberry Leaf and Fruit Extract on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 238(10), 1160-1169. DOI: 10.1177/1535370213498982
Mahmoubi, M. (2019). Morus alba (Mulberry), A Natural Potent Compound in Management of Obesity. Pharmacological Research, 146, 104341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104341
Mahmoud, M. Y. (2013). Natural Antioxidants Effect of Mulberry Fruits (Morus nigra and Morus alba L.)
on Lipids Profile and Oxidative Stress in Hypercholestrolemic Rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12(7),
665-672. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2013.665.672
Manna, P., & Jain, S. K. (2015). Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 13(10), 423-444. DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0095
Meldrum, D. R., Morris, M. A., & Gambone, J. C. (2017). Obesity Pandemic: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions—but Do We have the Will? Views and Reviews, 107(4), 833-839. DOI: 10.1016/
j.fertnstert.2017.02.104
Metwally, F. M., Rashad, H., & Mahmoud, A. A. (2019). Morus alba L. Diminishes Visceral Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, Behavioral Alterations via Regulation of Gene Expression of Leptin, Resistin and Adiponectin in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Physiology & Behavior, 201, 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/
j.physbeh.2018.12.010
Min, A. Y., Yoo, J.-M., Sok, D.-E, & Kim, M.-R. (2020). Mulberry Fruit Prevents Diabetes and Diabetic Dementia by Regulation of Blood Glucose through Upregulation of Antioxidative Activities and CREB/BDNF Pathway in Alloxaninduced Diabetic Mice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1298691
Parto, P., & Lavie, C. J. (2017). Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Current Problems in Cardiology, 42(11), 376-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2017.04.004
Patel, D. K., & Stanford, F. C. (2018). Safety and Tolerability of New-Generation Anti-Obesity Medications: A Narrative Review. Postgraduate Medicine, 130(2), 173-182. DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.
1435129
Rodríguez-Pérez, C., Segura-Carretero, A., & Contreras, M. D. M. (2019). Phenolic Compounds as Natural and Multifunctional Anti-Obesity Agents: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(8), 1212-1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859
Saliba, L. J., & Maffett, S. (2019). Hypertensive, Heart Disease and Obesity: A Review. Heart Failure Clinics, 15(4), 509-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.003
Song, W., Wang, H.-J., Bucheli, P., Zhang, P.-F., Wei, D.-Z., & Lu, Y.-H. (2009). Phytochemical Profiles of Different Mulberry (Morus sp.) Species from China. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(19), 9133-9140. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9022228
Sun, N.-N., Wu, T.-Y., & Chau, C.-F. (2016). Natural Dietary and Herbal Products in Anti-Obesity Treatment. Molecules, 21, 1-15. DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101351
Thomas, J. G., Bond, D. S., Phelan, S., Hill, J. O., & Wing, R. R. (2014). Weight-Loss Maintenance for 10 Years in the National Weight Control Registry. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.019
Ward, N. C., Watts, G. F., & Eckel, R. H. (2019). Statin Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications. Circulation Research, 124(2), 328-350. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782
Wharton, S., Bonder, R., Jeffery, A., & Christensen, R. A. G. (2020). The Safety and Effectiveness of Commonly-Marketed Natural Supplements for Weight Loss in Populations with Obesity: A Critical Review of the Literature from 2006 to 2016. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(10), 1614-1630. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1584873
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Obesity and Overweight. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/
en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Yang, X., Yang, L., & Zheng, H. (2010). Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit in Hyperlipidaemia Rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(8-9), 2374-2379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.074
Yimam, M., Jiao, P., Hong, M., Brownell, L., Lee, Y.-C., Hyun, E.-J., Kim, H.-J., Kim, T.-W., Nam, J.-B., Kim, M.-R., & Jia, Q. (2016). Appetite Suppression and Antiobesity Effect of a Botanical Composition Composed of Morus Alba, Yerba Mate, and Magnolia Officinalis. Journal of Obesity, 2016, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4670818
Yimam, M., Jiao, P., Hong, M., Brownell, L., Lee, Y.-C., Kim, H.-J., Nam, J.-B., Kim, M.-R., & Jia, Q. (2019). Morus alba, A Medicinal Plant for Appetite Suppression and Weight Loss. Journal of Medicinal Food, 22(7), 741-751. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0142
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How to Cite
CHATTURONG, Usana et al.
Anti-Obesity of Dried Mulberry Fruit Powder in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet.
Naresuan University Journal: Science and Technology (NUJST), [S.l.], v. 29, n. 2, p. 43-53, sep. 2020.
ISSN 2539-553X.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/NUJST/article/view/Vol-29-No-2-2021-43-53>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/nujst.2021.15.