Poor and Hunger: How Do Indigenous Peoples’ Respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia?
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Published
Dec 29, 2020
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Abstract
Indigenous Dayaks in Balai District, Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan, Indonesia has a vulnerability and is at risk of Coronavirus exposure, especially for Dayaks aged 50 years and over. Since March, the COVID-19 outbreak was already a national disaster by the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency. However, today, there is no specific operational guideline relevant to the COVID-19 response to indigenous people issued by national authorities. This means that guidelines for handling the health sector based on cultural approaches to indigenous people do not yet exist. This is an additional challenge for indigenous communities facing the Coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19). The research method uses qualitative. The data collection is an interview by phone and sourcing online. The data is also furnished with secondary data from various sources such as online news, proceedings and scientific journals, and books. Since the COVID-19 outbreak was discovered in Indonesia last March 2020, indigenous tribes in rural areas have not been urged to be prepared to deal with this virus. In the indigenous Dayak Benawan tribe, they were only alerted about the COVID-19 outbreak after this epidemic was a national disaster. Forms of public anticipation include spraying disinfectant liquid in every home and an appeal for handwashing with soap. Besides, the form of response of the local community is by carrying out the Nyapet ritual (warding off illness entering their village). This ritual requires that everyone stays at home for three days and three nights. They may not visit other people’s houses and may not receive guests. The Nyapet concept is the same as the local lockdown carried out by the Dayak Benawan community. Assistance from the government is only targeted at participating in social security participants and the Family of Hope Program or Program Kelurga Harapan. This means that government assistance is not comprehensive to the indigenous people of Dayak Benawan. On the other hand, some poor Dayak Benawan indigenous people are not registered as social security participants by the government.
Keywords: Indigenous People, Dayak Benawan, Poor, Hunger, COVID-19
References
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Rehsos, O. D. (2020). Merespon Pandemik Covid-19, Kemensos Salurkan Bantuan Sembako [Responding to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the Ministry of Social Affairs Distributed Food Aid]. Retrieved from https://kemsos.go.id/merespon-pandemik-covid-19-kemensos-salurkan-bantuan-sembako
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Setiawan, K. (2020). Atasi Dampak Covid-19 Kemensos Salurkan 6.700 Paket Bantuan Sembako [Overcome the Impact of Covid-19 Ministry of Social Affairs Distributes 6,700 Basic Food Aid Packages]. Retrieved from https://kemsos.go.id/atasi-dampak-covid-19-kemensos-salurkan-6700-paket-bantuan-sembako
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Suryahadi, A., Izzati, R. A., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Poverty: An Estimation for Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: The SMERU Research Institute. Retrieved from http://www.smeru.or.id/en/content/impact-covid-19-outbreak-poverty-estimation-indonesia
Susanto, D. (2020). Masyarakat Dayak Gelar Ritual Tolak Bala [Dayak Community Holds the Ritual to Tolak Bala]. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/300644-masyarakat-dayak-gelar-ritual-tolak-bala
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Triyono, A. (2020). Kemensos Salurkan Bantuan Sembako dari Presiden RI dalam Rangka Penanganan Covid-19 [Ministry of Social Affairs Distributes Basic Food Assistance from the President of the Republic of Indonesia in the Context of Handling Covid-19 in Jakarta]. Retrieved from https://kemsos.go.id/kemensos-salurkan-bantuan-sembako-dari-presiden-ri-dalam-rangka-penanganan-covid-19
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Bagea, I. (2010). Metafora Dalam Bidang Pertanian Padi Masyarakat Dayak Buket Kabupaten Kutai Barat Kalimantan Timur (Suatu Tinjauan Linguistik Antropologi) [Methaphor in Rice Agriculture of Dayak Buket Community, West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan (An Anthropological Linguistic Review)]. Jurnal Humaniora, 22(1), 43-51. Retrieved from https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/984
Barahamin, A. (2020). Tetua Adat Dayak Meratus Laksanakan Ritual Tolak Bala dan Tutup Kampung Untuk Cegah Covid-19 [Dayak Meratus Elders Perform the Ritual Tolak Bala and Close the Village to Prevent COVID-19]. Retrieved from https://www.aman.or.id/2020/03/tetua-adat-dayak-meratus-laksanakan-ritual-tolak-bala-dan-tutup-kampung-untuk-cegah-covid-19/
Bourassa, C. (2020). COVID-19 Fact Sheet for Indigenous Communities. Retrieved from https://bcsupportunit.ca/sites/bcsu/files/2020-04/MSL_COVID-19%20Fact_Revd_20200325_FINAL.pdf
CEJIL. (2020). COVID-19: The Survival of Indigenous Peoples is at Risk. Retrieved from https://cejil.org/en/covid-19-survival-indigenous-peoples-risk?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=86146d23-dbd6-4536-b54c-745b2a209629
Coconuts Bangkok. (2020). At Breaking Point, Thailand’s Poor are Killing Themselves. Retrieved from https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/at-breaking-point-thailands-poor-are-killing-themselves/?fbclid=IwAR2uhWkW3Z3g0j_IQJaa2-oeSuzry0wp_Tz9btiV2R7PmIKU2PBxl_oJ30Q
Crawshaw, S., & Jackson, J. (2015). Tindakan-Tindakan Kecil Perlawanan: Bagaimana Keberanian, Ketegaran, dan Kecerdikan Dapat Mengubah Dunia [Minor Actions of Resistance: How Courage, Hardness, and Ingenuity Can Change the World]. Yogyakarta: Insist Press.
Diamond, J. (2015). The World Until Yesterday: Apa Yang Dapat Kita Pelajari Dari Masyarakat Tradisional? [The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Communities?]. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
Eilenberg, M., & Wadley, R. L. (2009). Borderland Livelihood Strategis: The Socio-Economic Significance of Ethnicity in Cross-Border Labour Migration, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asia Facific ViewPoint, 50(1), 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8373.2009.01381.x
Eligh, B. (2020). Hope and Pray that we Make it through: COVID-19 Underscores Vulnerability of Remote Communities. Retrieved from https://www.utoronto.ca/news/hope-and-pray-we-make-it-through-covid-19-underscores-vulnerability-remote-communities
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Indigenous Peoples’ Health and Safety at Risk due to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/indigenous-peoples/news-article/en/c/1268353/
Friedmann, J. (1996). Rethinking Poverty: Empowerment and Citizen Right. International Social Science Journal, 48(148), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.1996.tb00070.x
Giring, R. (Ed.). (2020). Wabah Covid-19 Mengancam, Dayak Tae Mohon Kepada Jibata Pejaji Penampa demi Perlindungan dan Keselamatan Kampung dan Dunia [COVID-19 Pandemi Threatens, Dayak Tae Begs to Jibata Pejaji Penampa for Protection and Safety of the Village and the World]. Retrieved from https://kalimantanreview.com/wabah-covid-19-mengancam-dayak-tae-mohon-kepada-jibata-pejaji-penampa-demi-perlindungan-dan-keselamatan-kampung-dan-dunia/
Giring, R., & Gunui’, K. (2020). Tangkal Korona Masuk Kampung dan Meluas, Masyarakat Adat Komunitas Tampun Juah di Ketemenggungan Sisang Kampung Segumon Gelar Ritual Adat Malis [Protect from Coronavirus to Enters their Kampung, Indigenous Community Tampun Juah in Ketemenggungan Sisang Kampung Segumon Holds the Malis Traditional Ritual]. Retrieved from https://kalimantanreview.com/tangkal-korona-masuk-kampung-dan-meluas-masyarakat-adat-komunitas-tampun-juah-di-ketemenggungan-sisang-kampung-segumon-gelar-ritual-adat-malis/
Giring, R., & Yeremias. (Eds.). (2020). Dari Tanjung untuk Dunia: Melalui Ritual Adat Meengaria Benuaq Dayak Jalai Minta Perlindungan Duataq demi Tolak Bala Virus Corona [From Tanjung to the World: Through the Meengaria Benuaq Dayak Jalai Ritual, Ask for Duataq Protection for Coronavirus Rejection]. Retrieved from https://kalimantanreview.com/dari-tanjung-untuk-dunia-melalui-ritual-adat-meengaria-benuaq-dayak-jalai-minta-perlindungan-duataq-demi-tolak-bala-virus-corona/
Global Hunger Index. (n.d.). Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.globalhungerindex.org/indonesia.html
Gokkon, B. (2020). Indigenous Papuans Initiate own Lockdowns in Face of COVID-19. Retrieved from https://news.mongabay.com/2020/04/indigenous-papuans-initiate-own-lockdowns-in-face-of-covid-19/
Gunui’, K. (Ed.). (2020). Bekumpang, Pusaka Warisan Adat Dayak Dêsa, Turut Tangkal Wabah Global Korona [Bekumpang, Dayak Heritage Traditional Village also Against Global Pandemi Coronavirus]. Retrieved from https://kalimantanreview.com/bekumpang-pusaka-warisan-adat-dayak-desa-turut-tangkal-wabah-global-korona/
Hamzah, A. (2012). Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan dan Kelaparan di Indonesia: Realita dan Pembelajaran [Policy Tackling the Poorness and Hunger in Indonesia: Reality and Study]. Jurnal AKK, 1(1), 48-55. Retrieved from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/8251-ID-policy-tackling-the-poorness-and-hunger-in-indonesia-reality-and-study.pdf
Infeksi Emerging. (2020, April 30). Situasi Infeksi Emerging: Info Coronavirus, Situasi Terkini Perkembangan Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) [Emerging Infection Situation: Coronavirus Info, Today Situation of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)]. Retrieved from https://covid19.kemkes.go.id/situasi-infeksi-emerging/info-corona-virus/situasi-terkini-perkembangan-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-30-april-2020/#.XyFG0p4zbIU
Moeller, N., & Pedersen, J. (2020). How Indigenous People in the Amazon are Coping with the Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/how-indigenous-people-in-the-amazon-are-coping-with-the-coronavirus-pandemic-137041?fbclid=IwAR0Gdz9UX_FRlXHzZH1X5WboBPwwq2aiUzr5YJiTaK6OpOuhT2t_ExK-Rgg
Niko, N. (2018). Perempuan Dayak Benawan: Kedudukan pada Sturktur Domestik dan Publik [Dayak Benawan Woman: Position on Domestic & Public Structure]. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Niko, N. (2019). Kemiskinan Perempuan Dayak Benawan di Kalimantan Barat Sebagai Bentuk Kolonialisme Baru [Poverty of Dayak Benawan Women in West Kalimantan as a New Form of Colonialism]. Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi, 6(1), 58-76. https://doi.org/10.22146/jps.v6i1.47467
Niko, N. (2020). Public Communication Crisis Faced Pandemis COVID-19 in Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340665736_Public_communication_crisis_faced_pandemic_COVID-19_in_Indonesia
Pusparisa, Y. (2019). Jumlah Penduduk Miskin di Desa dan Kota Mengalami Penurunan [The Number of Poor People in Villages and Cities is Decreasing]. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/12/20/jumlah-penduduk-miskin-di-desa-dan-kota-mengalami-penurunan#
Rehsos, O. D. (2020). Merespon Pandemik Covid-19, Kemensos Salurkan Bantuan Sembako [Responding to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the Ministry of Social Affairs Distributed Food Aid]. Retrieved from https://kemsos.go.id/merespon-pandemik-covid-19-kemensos-salurkan-bantuan-sembako
Santoso, D. (2018). Penduduk Miskin Transient: Masalah Kemiskinan yang Terabaikan [Poor Transient: The Neglected Problem of Poverty]. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.th/books?id=TxJTDwAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Sender, J. (2002). Women’s Struggle to Escape Rural Poverty in South Africa. Journal of Agrarian Change, 2(1), 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0366.00023
Setiawan, K. (2020). Atasi Dampak Covid-19 Kemensos Salurkan 6.700 Paket Bantuan Sembako [Overcome the Impact of Covid-19 Ministry of Social Affairs Distributes 6,700 Basic Food Aid Packages]. Retrieved from https://kemsos.go.id/atasi-dampak-covid-19-kemensos-salurkan-6700-paket-bantuan-sembako
Shiva, V. (1997). Bebas Dari Pembangunan: Perempuan, Ekologi dan Perjuangan Hidup di India [Free from Development: Women, Ecology, and the Struggle of Life in India]. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Suryahadi, A., Izzati, R. A., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Poverty: An Estimation for Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: The SMERU Research Institute. Retrieved from http://www.smeru.or.id/en/content/impact-covid-19-outbreak-poverty-estimation-indonesia
Susanto, D. (2020). Masyarakat Dayak Gelar Ritual Tolak Bala [Dayak Community Holds the Ritual to Tolak Bala]. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/300644-masyarakat-dayak-gelar-ritual-tolak-bala
Tanziha, I., Syarief, H., Kusharto, C. M., Hardinsyah, & Sukandar, D. (2005). Analisis Determinan Kelaparan [Hunger Determinants Analysis]. Media Gizi dan Keluarga, 29(2), 14-23. Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/52176
The Regional Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE). (2020). COVID-19: How to Include Marginalized and Vulnerable People in Risk Communication and Community Engagement. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/COVID-19_CommunityEngagement_130320.pdf
Triyono, A. (2020). Kemensos Salurkan Bantuan Sembako dari Presiden RI dalam Rangka Penanganan Covid-19 [Ministry of Social Affairs Distributes Basic Food Assistance from the President of the Republic of Indonesia in the Context of Handling Covid-19 in Jakarta]. Retrieved from https://kemsos.go.id/kemensos-salurkan-bantuan-sembako-dari-presiden-ri-dalam-rangka-penanganan-covid-19
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2020). Indigenous Peoples & The Covid-19 Pandemic: Considerations. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2020/04/COVID19_IP_considerations.pdf
Velavan, T. P., & Meyer, C. G. (2020). The COVID-19 Epidemic. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 25(3), 278-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13383
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Section
Research Articles
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How to Cite
NIKO, Nikodemus.
Poor and Hunger: How Do Indigenous Peoples’ Respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia?.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. 81-92, dec. 2020.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-14-No-1-2021-81-92>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2021.8.