Smartphone Addiction in Relation to Academic Performance of Students in Thailand
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Published
Apr 16, 2020
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Abstract
Smartphone Addiction or Smartphone Dependency is ubiquitous and can be described as a constant need to use a phone in spite of outcomes that can impact one’s health and well-being. Several studies conducted in the global arena on Smartphone addiction indicate positive and negative outcomes but few studies on Smartphone addiction and academic performance have been researched in the Thai cultural context.
The present quantitative research attempted to make comparisons between Thai and international students in relation to Smartphone addiction and academic achievement. The simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from 202 Thai and 195 International students from two different educational institutions in Bangkok, Thailand. To measure Smartphone addiction, the Japanese version of the Smartphone dependency scale (J-SDS) constructed by Ezoe, Iida, Inoue, & Toda (2016), was used consisting of 29 items with the Cronbach Alpha of, α = 0.920 for the total scale, To measure academic achievement students Grade Point Average was calculated using a range from 2.00-3.00 and 3.01-4.0.
All three formulated hypotheses were not supported by the data since the independent sample t-test shows negligible differences that are not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. This study will paint a clearer picture of how, if any addiction to Smartphones affects the aggregated academic achievement of a student at a university.
Keywords: Smartphone Addiction, Academic Performance, Thai and International Students
References
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Archer, D. (2013, July 25). Smartphone Addiction. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction
Bavli, Ö., Katra, H., & Günar, B. B. (2018). Investigation of Smartphone Addiction Levels among University Students. Internatinal Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), 4(1), 326-333. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/525914
Bhardwaj, M., & Ashok, M. S. J. (2015). Mobile Phone Addiction and Loneliness among Teenagers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(3), 28-34.
Bryer, T. A., & Zavattaro, S. M. (2011). Social Media and Public Administration: Theoretical Dimensions and Introduction to the Symposium. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 33(3), 325-340.
Chen, J., Liang, Y., Mai, C., Zhong, X., & Qu, C. (2016). General Deficit in Inhibitory Control of Excessive Smartphone Users: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00511
Chern, W. K., Lan, T. F., & Ning, S. H. (2015). A Study of the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Loneliness among Male and Female Undergraduates in Utar. (Bachelor’s thesis). Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.utar.edu.my/2328/1/PY-2016-1204167.pdf
Chiu, S.-I., Hong, F.-Y., & Chiu, S.-L. (2013). An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College Students’ Internet Addiction and Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013, ID 360607. DOI: 10.1155/2013/360607
Choi, H. S., Lee, H. K., & Ha, J. C. (2012). The Influence of Smartphone Addiction on Mental Health, Campus Life and Personal Relations-Focusing on K University Students. Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 23(5), 1005-1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.5.1005
Choi, S. W., Kim, D. J., Choi, J. S., Ahn, H., Choi, E. J., Song, W. Y., Kim, S., & Youn, H. (2015). Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Smartphone Addiction and Internet Addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 308-314. DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.043
Coughlan, S. (2015, September 30). Rising Numbers of Stressed Students Seek Help. BBC News. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/news/education-34354405
Dare, A. S. P., & Derigne, L. (2010). Denial in Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders: A Critique of Theory. Addiction Research & Theory, 18(2), 181-193. DOI: 10.3109/16066350902770441
Dau, W., Hoffmann, J. D. G., & Banger, M. (2015). Therapeutic Interventions in the Treatment of Problematic Internet Use: Experiences from Germany. In C. Montag, & M. Reuter (Eds.), Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions (pp. 183-217). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., de Fonseca, F. R., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-Phone Addiction: A Review. Front Psychiatry, 7, 175. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175
Divaris, K., Polychronopoulou, A., Villa-Torres, L., Mafla, A. C., Moya, G. A., González-Martínez, F., Vila-Sierra, L. A., Fortich-Mesa, N., Gómez-Scarpetta, R. Á., & Duque-Restrepo, L. M. (2014). Extracurricular Factors Influence Perceived Stress in a Large Cohort of Colombian Dental Students. Journal of Dental Education, 78(2), 213-225.
Ezoe, S., Iida, T., Inoue, K., & Toda, M. (2016). Development of Japanese Version of Smartphone Dependence Scale. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(7), 179-185. DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2016.67017
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To Excel or Not to Excel: Strong Evidence on the Adverse Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Academic Performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81-89.
Kee, I. K., Byun, J. S., Jung, J. K., & Choi, J. K. (2016). The Presence of Altered Craniocervical Posture and Mobility in Smartphone-Addicted Teenagers with Temporomandibular Disorders. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(2), 339-346.
Kim, D. I., Lee, Y. H., Lee, J. Y., Kim, M. C., Keum, C. M., Nam, J. E., ... & Chung, Y. (2012). New Patterns in Media Addiction: Is Smartphone a Substitute or a Complement to the Internet. The Korean Journal of Youth Counseling, 20(1), 71-88. DOI:10.35151/kyci.2012.20.1.005
Kim, N. S., & Lee, K. E. (2012). Effects of Self-Control and Life Stress on Smart Phone Addiction of University Students. Journal of the Korea Society of Health Informatics and Statistics, 37(2), 72-83.
Kressmann, J. (2017). More than 90% of Internet Users in Thailand Use Smartphones to Go Online: Urban Regions have Higher Usage Rates. eMarketer. Retrieved from https://www.emarketer.com/Article/More-than-90-of-Internet-Users-Thailand-Use-Smartphones-Go-Online/1015217
Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents. PloS One, 8(12), e83558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083
Lachmann, B., Sindermann, C., Sariyska, R. Y., Luo, R., Melchers, M. C., Becker, B., Cooper, A. J., & Montag, C. (2018). The Role of Empathy and Life Satisfaction in Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 398. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00398
Lateh, A. (2012). Effects of Interactive Learner-Centered Approach based on Facebook Social Network towards Learning Achievement of Introduction to Statistical Design in Education Research Course (Research report). Songkla, Thailand: Department of Educational Evaluation and Research, Faculty of Education, Prince of Songkla University. Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/9553
Lee, E. B. (2015). Too Much Information: Heavy Smartphone and Facebook Utilization by African American Young Adults. Journal of Black Studies, 46(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934714557034
Leesa-Nguansuk, S. (2019, February 19). Thailand Tops Global Digital Rankings. Retrieved from https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1631402/thailand-tops-global-digital-rankings
Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 343-350. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049
Lin, Y. H., Chang, L. R., Lee, Y. H., Tseng, H. W., Kuo, T. B., & Chen, S. H. (2014). Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). PloS One, 9(6), e98312. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098312
Long, J., Liu, T. Q., Liao, Y. H., Qi, C., He, H. Y., Chen, S. B., & Billieux, J. (2016). Prevalence and Correlates of Problematic Smartphone Use in a Large Random Sample of Chinese Undergraduates. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 408. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1083-3
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., Rousseau, A., Rumpf, H. J., Bischof, A., Gässler, A. K., Schimmenti, A., Passanisi, A., Männikkö, N., Kääriänen, M., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Chóliz, M., Zacarés, J. J., Serra, E., Griffiths, M. D., Pontes, H. M., Lelonek-Kuleta, B., Chwaszcz, J., Zullino, D., Rochat, L., Achab, S., & Billieux, J. (2017). Self-Reported Dependence on Mobile Phones in Young Adults: A European Cross-Cultural Empirical Survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 168–177. DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.020
McAllister, S. (2011, October 31). Infographic: Generation Mobile. Hack College. Retrieved from: http://www.hackcollege.com/blog/2011/10/31/generation-mobile.html
Naowarangsee, D. (2012). Factors Affecting the Undergraduate Students’ Behaviour in Using www.facebook.com. (Master’s thesis). Department of Social Sciences, Kasetsart University, Bangkok.
National Statistics Office. (2013). The 2013 Household Survey on the Use of Information and Communication Technology. Retrieved from http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/themes/files/icthh56.pdf
Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunication Commission (NBTC). (2015). Telecommunication Industry Overall Result: 3rd Quarter, 2015. Bangkok: Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunication Commission (NBTC).
Ohanian, A. (n.d.). It takes Discipline not to Let Social Media Steal your Time. Brainy Quotes. Retrieved from https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/alexis_ohanian_532050
Park, N., & Lee, H. (2014). Gender Difference in Social Networking on Smartphones: A Case Study of Korean College Student Smartphone Users. International Telecommunications Policy Review, 21(2), 1-18. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2584824
Paul, J. A., Baker, H. M., & Cochran, J. D. (2012). Effect of Online Social Networking on Student Academic Performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2117-2127.
Pawłowska, B., & Potembska, E. (2011). Gender and Severity of Symptoms of Mobile Phone Addiction in Polish Gymnasium, Secondary School and University Students. Current Problems of Psychiatry, 12(4), 433-438.
Raphiphan, P., Zaslavsky, A., & Indrawan-Santiago, M. (2014). Building Knowledge from Social Networks on what is Important to Drivers in Constrained Road Infrastructure. Procedia Computer Science, 35, 720-729. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82154961.pdf
Roberts, J. A., Pullig, C., & Manolis, C. (2015). I Need my Smartphone: A Hierarchical Model of Personality and Cell-Phone Addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 13-19.
Saengsawang, P. P. (2013). Undergraduates’ Learning Achievement and Attitudes toward Learner Autonomy in a Fundamental English Course Incorporating Additional Facebook Group Activities. Journal of NELTA, 18(1-2), 115-132.
Tanis, M., Beukeboom, C. J., Hartmann, T., & Vermeulen, I. E. (2015). Phantom Phone Signals: An Investigation into the Prevalence and Predictors of Imagined Cell Phone Signals. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 356-362.
The Nation. (2013, September 26). Thais Choose Phones Over Friends. The Nation Thailand. Retrieved from https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30215686
Thomas, D. (2016, October). Cellphone Addiction and Academic Stress among University Students in Thailand. International Forum Journal, 19(2), 80-96. Retrieved from https://journals.aiias.edu/iforum/article/view/333
Wei, M., Liao, K. Y. H., Heppner, P. P., Chao, R. C. L., & Ku, T. Y. (2012). Forbearance Coping, Identification with Heritage Culture, Acculturative Stress, and Psychological Distress among Chinese International Students. Journal of counseling psychology, 59(1), 97-106. DOI: 10.1037/a0025473
Wright, P. J. (2011). Communicative Dynamics and Recovery from Sexual Addiction: An Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory Analysis. Communication Quarterly, 59(4), 395-414. DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2011.597284
Yi, Y. J., You, S., & Bae, B. J. (2016). The Influence of Smartphones on Academic Performance:
The Development of the Technology-to-Performance Chain Model. Library Hi Tech, 34(3), 480-499. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-04-2016-0038
Yildirim, C., & Correia, A. P. (2015). Exploring the Dimensions of Nomophobia: Development and Validation of a Self-Reported Questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 130-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.059
Zikmund, W. G., & Babin, B. J. (1997). Exploring Market Research (6th ed.). Orland, FL: Dryden Press, Harcourt College Publishers.
Archer, D. (2013, July 25). Smartphone Addiction. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/reading-between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction
Bavli, Ö., Katra, H., & Günar, B. B. (2018). Investigation of Smartphone Addiction Levels among University Students. Internatinal Journal of Cultural and Social Studies (IntJCSS), 4(1), 326-333. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/525914
Bhardwaj, M., & Ashok, M. S. J. (2015). Mobile Phone Addiction and Loneliness among Teenagers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(3), 28-34.
Bryer, T. A., & Zavattaro, S. M. (2011). Social Media and Public Administration: Theoretical Dimensions and Introduction to the Symposium. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 33(3), 325-340.
Chen, J., Liang, Y., Mai, C., Zhong, X., & Qu, C. (2016). General Deficit in Inhibitory Control of Excessive Smartphone Users: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00511
Chern, W. K., Lan, T. F., & Ning, S. H. (2015). A Study of the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Loneliness among Male and Female Undergraduates in Utar. (Bachelor’s thesis). Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.utar.edu.my/2328/1/PY-2016-1204167.pdf
Chiu, S.-I., Hong, F.-Y., & Chiu, S.-L. (2013). An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College Students’ Internet Addiction and Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013, ID 360607. DOI: 10.1155/2013/360607
Choi, H. S., Lee, H. K., & Ha, J. C. (2012). The Influence of Smartphone Addiction on Mental Health, Campus Life and Personal Relations-Focusing on K University Students. Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 23(5), 1005-1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.5.1005
Choi, S. W., Kim, D. J., Choi, J. S., Ahn, H., Choi, E. J., Song, W. Y., Kim, S., & Youn, H. (2015). Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Smartphone Addiction and Internet Addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 308-314. DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.043
Coughlan, S. (2015, September 30). Rising Numbers of Stressed Students Seek Help. BBC News. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/news/education-34354405
Dare, A. S. P., & Derigne, L. (2010). Denial in Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders: A Critique of Theory. Addiction Research & Theory, 18(2), 181-193. DOI: 10.3109/16066350902770441
Dau, W., Hoffmann, J. D. G., & Banger, M. (2015). Therapeutic Interventions in the Treatment of Problematic Internet Use: Experiences from Germany. In C. Montag, & M. Reuter (Eds.), Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Interventions (pp. 183-217). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., de Fonseca, F. R., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-Phone Addiction: A Review. Front Psychiatry, 7, 175. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175
Divaris, K., Polychronopoulou, A., Villa-Torres, L., Mafla, A. C., Moya, G. A., González-Martínez, F., Vila-Sierra, L. A., Fortich-Mesa, N., Gómez-Scarpetta, R. Á., & Duque-Restrepo, L. M. (2014). Extracurricular Factors Influence Perceived Stress in a Large Cohort of Colombian Dental Students. Journal of Dental Education, 78(2), 213-225.
Ezoe, S., Iida, T., Inoue, K., & Toda, M. (2016). Development of Japanese Version of Smartphone Dependence Scale. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6(7), 179-185. DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2016.67017
Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). To Excel or Not to Excel: Strong Evidence on the Adverse Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Academic Performance. Computers & Education, 98, 81-89.
Kee, I. K., Byun, J. S., Jung, J. K., & Choi, J. K. (2016). The Presence of Altered Craniocervical Posture and Mobility in Smartphone-Addicted Teenagers with Temporomandibular Disorders. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(2), 339-346.
Kim, D. I., Lee, Y. H., Lee, J. Y., Kim, M. C., Keum, C. M., Nam, J. E., ... & Chung, Y. (2012). New Patterns in Media Addiction: Is Smartphone a Substitute or a Complement to the Internet. The Korean Journal of Youth Counseling, 20(1), 71-88. DOI:10.35151/kyci.2012.20.1.005
Kim, N. S., & Lee, K. E. (2012). Effects of Self-Control and Life Stress on Smart Phone Addiction of University Students. Journal of the Korea Society of Health Informatics and Statistics, 37(2), 72-83.
Kressmann, J. (2017). More than 90% of Internet Users in Thailand Use Smartphones to Go Online: Urban Regions have Higher Usage Rates. eMarketer. Retrieved from https://www.emarketer.com/Article/More-than-90-of-Internet-Users-Thailand-Use-Smartphones-Go-Online/1015217
Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents. PloS One, 8(12), e83558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083
Lachmann, B., Sindermann, C., Sariyska, R. Y., Luo, R., Melchers, M. C., Becker, B., Cooper, A. J., & Montag, C. (2018). The Role of Empathy and Life Satisfaction in Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 398. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00398
Lateh, A. (2012). Effects of Interactive Learner-Centered Approach based on Facebook Social Network towards Learning Achievement of Introduction to Statistical Design in Education Research Course (Research report). Songkla, Thailand: Department of Educational Evaluation and Research, Faculty of Education, Prince of Songkla University. Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/9553
Lee, E. B. (2015). Too Much Information: Heavy Smartphone and Facebook Utilization by African American Young Adults. Journal of Black Studies, 46(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934714557034
Leesa-Nguansuk, S. (2019, February 19). Thailand Tops Global Digital Rankings. Retrieved from https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1631402/thailand-tops-global-digital-rankings
Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., & Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 343-350. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049
Lin, Y. H., Chang, L. R., Lee, Y. H., Tseng, H. W., Kuo, T. B., & Chen, S. H. (2014). Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). PloS One, 9(6), e98312. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098312
Long, J., Liu, T. Q., Liao, Y. H., Qi, C., He, H. Y., Chen, S. B., & Billieux, J. (2016). Prevalence and Correlates of Problematic Smartphone Use in a Large Random Sample of Chinese Undergraduates. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 408. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1083-3
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., Rousseau, A., Rumpf, H. J., Bischof, A., Gässler, A. K., Schimmenti, A., Passanisi, A., Männikkö, N., Kääriänen, M., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Chóliz, M., Zacarés, J. J., Serra, E., Griffiths, M. D., Pontes, H. M., Lelonek-Kuleta, B., Chwaszcz, J., Zullino, D., Rochat, L., Achab, S., & Billieux, J. (2017). Self-Reported Dependence on Mobile Phones in Young Adults: A European Cross-Cultural Empirical Survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 168–177. DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.020
McAllister, S. (2011, October 31). Infographic: Generation Mobile. Hack College. Retrieved from: http://www.hackcollege.com/blog/2011/10/31/generation-mobile.html
Naowarangsee, D. (2012). Factors Affecting the Undergraduate Students’ Behaviour in Using www.facebook.com. (Master’s thesis). Department of Social Sciences, Kasetsart University, Bangkok.
National Statistics Office. (2013). The 2013 Household Survey on the Use of Information and Communication Technology. Retrieved from http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/themes/files/icthh56.pdf
Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunication Commission (NBTC). (2015). Telecommunication Industry Overall Result: 3rd Quarter, 2015. Bangkok: Office of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunication Commission (NBTC).
Ohanian, A. (n.d.). It takes Discipline not to Let Social Media Steal your Time. Brainy Quotes. Retrieved from https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/alexis_ohanian_532050
Park, N., & Lee, H. (2014). Gender Difference in Social Networking on Smartphones: A Case Study of Korean College Student Smartphone Users. International Telecommunications Policy Review, 21(2), 1-18. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2584824
Paul, J. A., Baker, H. M., & Cochran, J. D. (2012). Effect of Online Social Networking on Student Academic Performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2117-2127.
Pawłowska, B., & Potembska, E. (2011). Gender and Severity of Symptoms of Mobile Phone Addiction in Polish Gymnasium, Secondary School and University Students. Current Problems of Psychiatry, 12(4), 433-438.
Raphiphan, P., Zaslavsky, A., & Indrawan-Santiago, M. (2014). Building Knowledge from Social Networks on what is Important to Drivers in Constrained Road Infrastructure. Procedia Computer Science, 35, 720-729. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82154961.pdf
Roberts, J. A., Pullig, C., & Manolis, C. (2015). I Need my Smartphone: A Hierarchical Model of Personality and Cell-Phone Addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 13-19.
Saengsawang, P. P. (2013). Undergraduates’ Learning Achievement and Attitudes toward Learner Autonomy in a Fundamental English Course Incorporating Additional Facebook Group Activities. Journal of NELTA, 18(1-2), 115-132.
Tanis, M., Beukeboom, C. J., Hartmann, T., & Vermeulen, I. E. (2015). Phantom Phone Signals: An Investigation into the Prevalence and Predictors of Imagined Cell Phone Signals. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 356-362.
The Nation. (2013, September 26). Thais Choose Phones Over Friends. The Nation Thailand. Retrieved from https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30215686
Thomas, D. (2016, October). Cellphone Addiction and Academic Stress among University Students in Thailand. International Forum Journal, 19(2), 80-96. Retrieved from https://journals.aiias.edu/iforum/article/view/333
Wei, M., Liao, K. Y. H., Heppner, P. P., Chao, R. C. L., & Ku, T. Y. (2012). Forbearance Coping, Identification with Heritage Culture, Acculturative Stress, and Psychological Distress among Chinese International Students. Journal of counseling psychology, 59(1), 97-106. DOI: 10.1037/a0025473
Wright, P. J. (2011). Communicative Dynamics and Recovery from Sexual Addiction: An Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory Analysis. Communication Quarterly, 59(4), 395-414. DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2011.597284
Yi, Y. J., You, S., & Bae, B. J. (2016). The Influence of Smartphones on Academic Performance:
The Development of the Technology-to-Performance Chain Model. Library Hi Tech, 34(3), 480-499. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-04-2016-0038
Yildirim, C., & Correia, A. P. (2015). Exploring the Dimensions of Nomophobia: Development and Validation of a Self-Reported Questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 130-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.059
Zikmund, W. G., & Babin, B. J. (1997). Exploring Market Research (6th ed.). Orland, FL: Dryden Press, Harcourt College Publishers.
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Research Articles
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How to Cite
D'SOUZA, June Bernadette; SHARMA, Sumit.
Smartphone Addiction in Relation to Academic Performance of Students in Thailand.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 31-41, apr. 2020.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-13-No-2-2020-31-41>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2020.13.