The Impact on Working Memory of the 4-D Multiple Resource Model as Embedded in Interpretation Training
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Published
Nov 7, 2019
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Abstract
Working memory, the mental ability to temporality store and process information, is essential in both daily and academic life. This study aimed to compare the effect of an interpretation training program, based on the 4-D Multiple Resource Model, on working memory in the experimental group according to pre- and post-training scores, and to compare the effect on working memory in the active control group versus the experimental group according to post-training scores. Sixty undergraduate students enrolled in English II at Khon Kaen University were randomly assigned into either an experimental group or an active control group. The experimental group completed sixteen sessions of interpretation training, 30-45 minutes each, via a website, while the active control group practiced using metacognitive strategies. A listening span task for L2 learners and a dual n-back task were employed as pre-post measures for assessing working memory capacity. Compared with the active control group, the experimental group’s working memory capacity after the training improved markedly (p < .05). Thus, it is concluded that interpretation training that exploits a variety of attentional resources and taps various working memory components could be applied toward enhancing working memory.
Keywords: Cognitive Training, Attentional Resources
References
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Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Is Working Memory Still Working? European Psychologist, 7(2), 85-97. DOI: 10.1027//1016-9040.7.2.85
Cowan, N. (1988). Evolving Conceptions of Memory Storage, Selective Attention, and their Mutual Constraints within the Human Information-Processing System. Psychological Bulletin, 104(2), 163-191. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.163
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Dong, Y., Liu, Y., & Cai, R. (2018). How Does Consecutive Interpreting Training Influence Working Memory: A Longitudinal Study of Potential Links Between the Two. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 875. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00875
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Morales, J., Padilla, F., Gómez-Ariza, C. J., & Bajo, M. T. (2015). Simultaneous Interpretation Selectively Influences Working Memory and Attentional Networks. Acta Psychologica, 155, 82–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.12.004
Moreau, D., & Conway, A. R. A. (2014). The Case for an Ecological Approach to Cognitive Training. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 334–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.009
Mueller, S. T., & Piper, B. J. (2014). The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) and PEBL Test Battery. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 222, 250–259. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024.
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1980). Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior (Technical Report No. 8006). San Diego: Center for Human Information Processing.
Setton, R., & Dawrant, A. (2016). Conference Interpreting: A Trainer’s Guide. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Stachowiak, K. (2014). Mind’s Not Lazy: On Multitasking in Interpreters and Translators. Konińskie Studia Językowe (KSJ), 2(3), 293-313.
Vandergrift, L. (2008). Listening strategies for Listening Comprehension. In S. Hurd, & T. Lewis (Eds.), Language Learning Strategies in Independent Settings (pp. 84-102). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Wickens, C. D. (1984). Processing Resources in Attention. In R. Parasuraman, & R. Davies (Eds), Varieties of Attention (pp. 63-101). New York: Academic Press.
Wongupparaj, P., Kumari, V., & Morris, R. G. (2015). The Relation between a Multicomponent Working Memory and Intelligence: The Roles of Central Executive and Short-Term Storage Functions. Intelligence, 53, 166-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.10.007
Baddeley, A. (1996). Exploring the Central Executive. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 49A(1), 5-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027249896392784
Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The Episodic Buffer: A New Component of Working Memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417–423. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
Baddeley, A. D. (2002). Is Working Memory Still Working? European Psychologist, 7(2), 85-97. DOI: 10.1027//1016-9040.7.2.85
Cowan, N. (1988). Evolving Conceptions of Memory Storage, Selective Attention, and their Mutual Constraints within the Human Information-Processing System. Psychological Bulletin, 104(2), 163-191. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.163
Cowan, N. (1995). Oxford Psychology Series, No. 26. Attention and Memory: An Integrated Framework. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
Cowan, N. (1999). An Embedded-Processes Model of Working Memory. In A. Miyake, & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control (pp. 62-101). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139174909.006
Cowan, N. (2005). Essays in Cognitive Psychology. Working Memory Capacity. New York, NY, US: Psychology Press. DOI: 10.4324/9780203342398
Dong, Y., Liu, Y., & Cai, R. (2018). How Does Consecutive Interpreting Training Influence Working Memory: A Longitudinal Study of Potential Links Between the Two. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 875. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00875
Gile, D. (2008). Local Cognitive Load in Simultaneous Interpreting and its Implications for Empirical Research. Forum, 6(2), 59–77. DOI: 10.1075/forum.6.2.04gil
Gile, D. (2009). Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training (Revised Edition). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Hambrick, D. Z., Oswald, F. L., Darowski, E. S., Rench, T. A., & Brou, R. (2010). Predictors of Multitasking Performance in a Synthetic Work Paradigm. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(8), 1149-1167. DOI: 10.1002/acp.1624
Hervais-Adelman, A. G., Moser-Mercer, B., & Golestani, N. (2011). Executive Control of Language in the Bilingual Brain: Integrating the Evidence from Neuroimaging to Neuropsychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 234. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00234
Hervais-Adelman, A. G., Moser-Mercer, B., Murray, M. M., & Golestani, N. (2017). Cortical Thickness Increases after Simultaneous Interpretation Training. Neuropsychologia, 98, 212-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.008
Hiltunen, S., Pääkkönen, R., Vik, G-V., & Krause, C. M. (2016). On Interpreters’ Working Memory and Executive Control. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(3), 297–314. DOI: 10.1177/1367006914554406
Holmes, J., & Gathercole, S. E. (2014). Taking Working Memory Training from the Laboratory into Schools. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 34(4), 440–450. DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2013.797338
Klingberg, T., Fernell, E., Olesen, P., Johnson, M., Gustafsson, P., Dahlström, K., Gillberg, C. G., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H. (2005). Computerized Training of Working Memory in Children with ADHD–A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 177–186. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200502000-00010
Lövdén, M., Bäckman, L., Lindenberger, U., Schaefer, S., & Schmiedek, F. (2010). A Theoretical Framework for the Study of Adult Cognitive Plasticity. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 659–676. DOI: 10.1037/A0020080
Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-Related Structural Change in the Hippocampi of Taxi Drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 97(8), 4398–4403. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.070039597
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions and their Contributions to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100. DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Rettinger, D. A., Shah, P., & Hegarty, M. (2001). How are Visuospatial Working Memory, Executive Functioning, and Spatial Abilities Related? A Latent-Variable Analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 621-640. DOI: 10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.621
Morales, J., Padilla, F., Gómez-Ariza, C. J., & Bajo, M. T. (2015). Simultaneous Interpretation Selectively Influences Working Memory and Attentional Networks. Acta Psychologica, 155, 82–91. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.12.004
Moreau, D., & Conway, A. R. A. (2014). The Case for an Ecological Approach to Cognitive Training. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 334–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.009
Mueller, S. T., & Piper, B. J. (2014). The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) and PEBL Test Battery. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 222, 250–259. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024.
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1980). Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior (Technical Report No. 8006). San Diego: Center for Human Information Processing.
Setton, R., & Dawrant, A. (2016). Conference Interpreting: A Trainer’s Guide. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Stachowiak, K. (2014). Mind’s Not Lazy: On Multitasking in Interpreters and Translators. Konińskie Studia Językowe (KSJ), 2(3), 293-313.
Vandergrift, L. (2008). Listening strategies for Listening Comprehension. In S. Hurd, & T. Lewis (Eds.), Language Learning Strategies in Independent Settings (pp. 84-102). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Wickens, C. D. (1984). Processing Resources in Attention. In R. Parasuraman, & R. Davies (Eds), Varieties of Attention (pp. 63-101). New York: Academic Press.
Wongupparaj, P., Kumari, V., & Morris, R. G. (2015). The Relation between a Multicomponent Working Memory and Intelligence: The Roles of Central Executive and Short-Term Storage Functions. Intelligence, 53, 166-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.10.007
Section
Research Articles
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How to Cite
ATTANAK, Attapol; JUNTAPREMJIT, Sirikran; CHAISURIYA, Arnon.
The Impact on Working Memory of the 4-D Multiple Resource Model as Embedded in Interpretation Training.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 12, n. 4, p. 125-135, nov. 2019.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/Vol-12-No-4-2019-125-135>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2019.40.