่Ecotourism Mix, Good Practice, and Green Marketing: An Approach Towards the Quality Tourism Business
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Published
Mar 16, 2017
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Abstract
During the past decades, the literature on tourism marketing contributes the knowledge to large businesses in the tourism industry (e.g. hotels, airlines, restaurants). However, the knowledge on green marketing given to a small business like the tour operators in reducing tourism impacts is limited. In addition, the global trend concerns more on the environmental issues. In particular, there are needs for promoting responsible tourism businesses, ethical conducts and green marketing. This article, therefore, has the objectives to 1) introduce the ecotourism mix contributing to the identification of ecotourism good practice for the tour operators and 2) provide green marketing implications that care the environment. Responsible tour operators and ecotourism tour operators may implement the suggested green marketing to develop or improve their tour conducts in order to be the quality tourism business and the alternatives for travelers.
References
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Boo, E. (1991). Planning for ecotourism. Parks, 2(3), 4-8.
Buckley, R. (1994). A framework for ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 661-669.
Cheung, L., & Fok, L. (2014). Assessing the role of ecotourism training in changing participants' pro-environmental knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 645-661.
Chester, G., & Crabtree, G. (2002). Australia: The nature and ecotourism accreditation program. In Honey, M. (Ed.), Ecotourism & Certification: Setting standards in practice. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Diamantis, D. (1999). The concept of ecotourism: Evolution and Trends. Current Issues in Tourism, 2(2/3), 93-122.
Esparon, M., Gyuris, E., & Stoeckl, N. (2014). Does ECO certification deliver benefits?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 1498-169.
Fennell, D. (2001). Ecotourism: a content analysis of definitions. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(5), 403-421.
Fennell, D. (2003). Ecotourism: An introduction. London: Routledge.
Fennell, D. (2008). Ecotourism and the myth of Indigenous stewardship. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2), 129-149.
Furqn, A., Mat Som, A., & Hussin, R. (2010). Promoting Green Tourism for Future Sustainability. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 8(17), 64-74.
Hong, W. C. (2009). Global competitiveness measurement for the tourism sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 12(2), 105-132.
Jarvis, N., Weeden, C., & Simcock, N. (2010). The benefits and challenges of sustainable tourism certification: A case study of the Green Tourism Business Scheme in the West of England. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 17, 83–93
Kasim, A. (2006). The need for business environmental and social responsibility in the tourism industry. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 7(1), 1-22.
Kerstetter, D., Hou, J., & Lin, C. (2004). Profiling Taiwanese ecotourists using a behavioral approach. Tourism Management, 25, 491-498.
Kontogeorgopoulos, N. (2004). Conventional tourism and ecotourism in Phuket, Thailand: Conflicting paradigms or symbiotic partners? Journal of Ecotourism, 3(2), 87-108.
Kutay, K. (1989). The new ethic in adventure travel. The Environmental Journal, 1(4), 30-36.
Martha, H. (2008). Ecotourism & Certification: Setting Standards in Practice. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Matysek, K. A., & Kriwoken, L. K. (2003). The Natural State: Nature-based Tourism and Ecotourism Accreditation in Tasmania, Australia. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 4(1/2), 129-145.
Meler, M., & Ham, M. (2012). Green marketing for green tourism. Tourism & Hospitality Management, 12, 130-139.
Langholz, J. (1999). Exploring the effects of alternative income opportunities on rainforest use: Insight from Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve. Society and Natural Resources, 12, 139-149.
Patterson, C. (2002). The Business of ecotourism. Wisconsin: Explorer’s Guide.
Polonsky, M. J., & Rosenberger, P. J. (2001). Re-evaluating green marketing: A Strategic approach. Business Horizons, 20, 21-30.
Ross, S., & Wall, G. (1999). Ecotourism: towards congruence between theory and practice. Tourism Management, 20, 123-132.
Sangpikul, A. (2007). Ecotourism: A Perspective from Thai Youths. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sports & Tourism Education, 6(1), 81-85.
Sangpikul, A. (2008). Critical review of ecotourism studies in Thailand. Tourism Analysis, 13(3), 281-293.
Sangpikul, A. (2010). Good practices for ecotourism operator for the sustainable tourism development of Thailand (Research report). Bangkok: Dhurakij Pundit University.
Sangpikul, A. (2011). Developing good practices for ecotourism tour operators. Sasin Journal of Managment, 17(1), 53-86.
Sangpikul, A. (2014). An analysis of ecotourism mix: Its benefits to the future research and development. Humanities and Social Sciences Journal, Mahasarakam University, 34(6), 324-337.
Sangpikul, A. (2015). An investigation of ecotourism practices of tour operators in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Modern Management Journal, 13(2), 153-172.
Sangpikul, A. (2016). A comparative study of ecotourism tour conduct of tour operators for the development of quality green tourism business: A case study of tour operators in Phuket and Bali. Suthiparithat Journal, 30(93), 275-294.
Sirakaya, E., Sasidharan, V., & Sonmez, S. (1999). Redefining ecotourism: The need for a supply-side view. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 168-172.
Snyman, S. (2014). Partnership between a private sector ecotourism operator and a local community in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(2), 110-127.
Stronza, A., & Gordillo, J. (2008). Community views of ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 448-468.
Swarbrooke, J. (1998). Sustainable Tourism Management. Oxon: CABI.
Tourism Authority of Thailand. (1997). Summary of Ecotourism Policies. Bangkok: Tourism Authority of Thailand.
Tseng, C., & Kuo, Y. (2013). The Measurement of eco-components of service quality in Taiwan's international tourist hotels. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 5(3), 247-260.
Valentine, P. (1993). Ecotourism and nature conservation: A definition with some recent developments in Micronesia. Tourism Management. 14(2), 107-115.
Wallace, G. N., & Pierce, S. M. (1996). An evaluation of ecotourism in Amazonas, Brazil. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(4). 843-873.
Wearing, S., & Neil, J. (2009). Ecotourism: impacts, potentials and possibilities. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Weaver, D. (1999). Ecotourism. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
Weaver, D. (2001). Ecotourism. Milton: John Wiley & Sons.
Weaver, D. (2005). Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 439-455.
Wober, K. (2002). Benchmarking in Tourism and Hospitality Industries. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.
Wong, I., Wan, Y., & Qi, S. (2015). Green events, value perceptions, and the role of consumer involvement in festival design and performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(2), 294-315.
Wight, P. (1993). Ecotourism: ethics or eco-sell? Journal of Travel Research, 31(3), 3-9.
Ziffer, K. A. (1989). Ecotourism: The uneasy alliance. Washington, DC: Conservation International and Ernst & Young.
Blamey, R. K. (2001). Principles of ecotourism. In Weaver, D. (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. Oxford: CAB International.
Boo, E. (1991). Planning for ecotourism. Parks, 2(3), 4-8.
Buckley, R. (1994). A framework for ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 661-669.
Cheung, L., & Fok, L. (2014). Assessing the role of ecotourism training in changing participants' pro-environmental knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 645-661.
Chester, G., & Crabtree, G. (2002). Australia: The nature and ecotourism accreditation program. In Honey, M. (Ed.), Ecotourism & Certification: Setting standards in practice. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Diamantis, D. (1999). The concept of ecotourism: Evolution and Trends. Current Issues in Tourism, 2(2/3), 93-122.
Esparon, M., Gyuris, E., & Stoeckl, N. (2014). Does ECO certification deliver benefits?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), 1498-169.
Fennell, D. (2001). Ecotourism: a content analysis of definitions. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(5), 403-421.
Fennell, D. (2003). Ecotourism: An introduction. London: Routledge.
Fennell, D. (2008). Ecotourism and the myth of Indigenous stewardship. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2), 129-149.
Furqn, A., Mat Som, A., & Hussin, R. (2010). Promoting Green Tourism for Future Sustainability. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 8(17), 64-74.
Hong, W. C. (2009). Global competitiveness measurement for the tourism sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 12(2), 105-132.
Jarvis, N., Weeden, C., & Simcock, N. (2010). The benefits and challenges of sustainable tourism certification: A case study of the Green Tourism Business Scheme in the West of England. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 17, 83–93
Kasim, A. (2006). The need for business environmental and social responsibility in the tourism industry. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 7(1), 1-22.
Kerstetter, D., Hou, J., & Lin, C. (2004). Profiling Taiwanese ecotourists using a behavioral approach. Tourism Management, 25, 491-498.
Kontogeorgopoulos, N. (2004). Conventional tourism and ecotourism in Phuket, Thailand: Conflicting paradigms or symbiotic partners? Journal of Ecotourism, 3(2), 87-108.
Kutay, K. (1989). The new ethic in adventure travel. The Environmental Journal, 1(4), 30-36.
Martha, H. (2008). Ecotourism & Certification: Setting Standards in Practice. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Matysek, K. A., & Kriwoken, L. K. (2003). The Natural State: Nature-based Tourism and Ecotourism Accreditation in Tasmania, Australia. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 4(1/2), 129-145.
Meler, M., & Ham, M. (2012). Green marketing for green tourism. Tourism & Hospitality Management, 12, 130-139.
Langholz, J. (1999). Exploring the effects of alternative income opportunities on rainforest use: Insight from Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve. Society and Natural Resources, 12, 139-149.
Patterson, C. (2002). The Business of ecotourism. Wisconsin: Explorer’s Guide.
Polonsky, M. J., & Rosenberger, P. J. (2001). Re-evaluating green marketing: A Strategic approach. Business Horizons, 20, 21-30.
Ross, S., & Wall, G. (1999). Ecotourism: towards congruence between theory and practice. Tourism Management, 20, 123-132.
Sangpikul, A. (2007). Ecotourism: A Perspective from Thai Youths. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sports & Tourism Education, 6(1), 81-85.
Sangpikul, A. (2008). Critical review of ecotourism studies in Thailand. Tourism Analysis, 13(3), 281-293.
Sangpikul, A. (2010). Good practices for ecotourism operator for the sustainable tourism development of Thailand (Research report). Bangkok: Dhurakij Pundit University.
Sangpikul, A. (2011). Developing good practices for ecotourism tour operators. Sasin Journal of Managment, 17(1), 53-86.
Sangpikul, A. (2014). An analysis of ecotourism mix: Its benefits to the future research and development. Humanities and Social Sciences Journal, Mahasarakam University, 34(6), 324-337.
Sangpikul, A. (2015). An investigation of ecotourism practices of tour operators in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Modern Management Journal, 13(2), 153-172.
Sangpikul, A. (2016). A comparative study of ecotourism tour conduct of tour operators for the development of quality green tourism business: A case study of tour operators in Phuket and Bali. Suthiparithat Journal, 30(93), 275-294.
Sirakaya, E., Sasidharan, V., & Sonmez, S. (1999). Redefining ecotourism: The need for a supply-side view. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 168-172.
Snyman, S. (2014). Partnership between a private sector ecotourism operator and a local community in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(2), 110-127.
Stronza, A., & Gordillo, J. (2008). Community views of ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 448-468.
Swarbrooke, J. (1998). Sustainable Tourism Management. Oxon: CABI.
Tourism Authority of Thailand. (1997). Summary of Ecotourism Policies. Bangkok: Tourism Authority of Thailand.
Tseng, C., & Kuo, Y. (2013). The Measurement of eco-components of service quality in Taiwan's international tourist hotels. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 5(3), 247-260.
Valentine, P. (1993). Ecotourism and nature conservation: A definition with some recent developments in Micronesia. Tourism Management. 14(2), 107-115.
Wallace, G. N., & Pierce, S. M. (1996). An evaluation of ecotourism in Amazonas, Brazil. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(4). 843-873.
Wearing, S., & Neil, J. (2009). Ecotourism: impacts, potentials and possibilities. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Weaver, D. (1999). Ecotourism. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia.
Weaver, D. (2001). Ecotourism. Milton: John Wiley & Sons.
Weaver, D. (2005). Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 439-455.
Wober, K. (2002). Benchmarking in Tourism and Hospitality Industries. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.
Wong, I., Wan, Y., & Qi, S. (2015). Green events, value perceptions, and the role of consumer involvement in festival design and performance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(2), 294-315.
Wight, P. (1993). Ecotourism: ethics or eco-sell? Journal of Travel Research, 31(3), 3-9.
Ziffer, K. A. (1989). Ecotourism: The uneasy alliance. Washington, DC: Conservation International and Ernst & Young.
Keywords
Ecotourism (Niche Tourism/Non Consumptive Tourism), Ecotourism Mix, Good Practice, Green Marketing, Environmental Friendly Product, Tour Operator
Section
Review Articles
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How to Cite
SANGPIKUL, Aswin.
่Ecotourism Mix, Good Practice, and Green Marketing: An Approach Towards the Quality Tourism Business.
Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 1-15, mar. 2017.
ISSN 2985-0231.
Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/JCDR/article/view/1716>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.