The Effect of Glycerol on the Properties of Biodegradable Cassava Starch (Saai Dieow Cultivar) Films for Plastic Plant Bag Application

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Pawinee theamdee Natchanan Pansaeng

Abstract

     This paper reports the effect of glycerol on the properties of biodegradable cassava starch films for plastic plant bag application. The film was prepared by dissolving cassava starch in water to the concentration of 5 wt%. To study the effect of the glycerol content on these properties, the amount of glycerol (plasticizer) was added during the formulation varied from 0 to 45 %w/w (0, 15, 25, 35 and 45 %w/w). The films were cast in a mold and dried at 60 oC for 24 h. The thickness of the films was in the range of 0.10-0.21 mm. The aw (water activity) of films ranged from 0.40 to 0.53. The water solubility, water vapor permeability and softness of the film increased with the increasing of glycerol content. The percent elongation of the starch films increased with the decrease of the glycerol content and, in contrast, the tensile and puncture strength decreased. After the films were buried under the ground (8-10 cm depth) for 3 weeks, they were degraded by 100%. Degree of the degradation increased with the increasing of glycerol content. The biodegradable film plant bags were used to the transplanting of marigold seedlings production period (6 weeks). The cassava starch film with 35 wt% glycerol showed the best overall properties. These results indicated that cassava starch biodegradable film could be used for plastic plant bag application. In addition, this made-of-natural film is biodegradable, which can help to reduce the amount of non-biodegradable packaging waste.  


 Keywords: cassava starch, glycerol, plasticizer, biodegradable film

References

Abdou, E. S., & Sorour, M. A. (2014). Preparation and characterization of Starch/carrageenan ediblefilms. International Food Research Journal, 21(1), 189-193.
Abdullah, N., Nawawi, A., & Othman, I. (2000). Fungal spoilage of starch-based foods in relation to its water activity (aw). Journal of Stored Products Research, 36, 47-54.
Alves, V. D., Mali, S., Bele´ia, A., & Grossmann, M. V. E. (2007). Effect of glycerol and amylose enrichment on cassava starch film properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 78, 941-946.
Arvanitoyannis, I., & Biliaderis, C. G., (1998). Physical properties of polyol-plasticized edible films made from sodium caseinate and soluble starch blends. Food Chemistry, 62(3), 333–342.
ASTM (1996). Standard test methods for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting. D882-91. Annual book of ASTM. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM (2000). Standard Test Method for water vapour transmission of materials. E96-95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. United States: West Conshohocken, PA.
Basiak, E., Lenart, A., & Debeaufort, F. (2018). How glycerol and water contents affect the structural and functional properties of starch-based edible films. Polymers, 10, 412-430.
Bertuzzi, M. A., Vidaurre, E. F. C, Armada, M., & Gottifredi, J. C. (2007). Water vapor permeability of edible starch based films. Journal of Food Engineering, 80(3), 972–978.
Bilck, A. P., Olivato, J. B., Yamashita, F., & de Souza, J. R. P. (2014). Biodegradable Bags for the Production of Plant Seedlings. Polímeros, 24(5), 547-553.
Cheryan, G., Gennadios, A., Woller, C., & Chinachoti, P. (1995). Thermomechanical behavior of wheat gluten films: effect of sucrose, glycerin and sorbitol. Cereal Chemistry, 72(1), 1–6.
Flôres, S. H., Dick, M., Costa, T. M. H., Gomaa, A., Subirade, M., & Rios, A.O. (2015). Edible film production from chia seed mucilage: Effect of glycerol concentration on its physicochemical and mechanical properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 130, 198-205.
Gontard, N., Guilbert, S., & Cuq, J.-L. (1992). Edible wheat gluten films: Influence of the main process variables on film properties using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science, 57(1), 190–199.
González, A., Gastelú, G., Barrera, G. N., Ribotta, P. D., & Igarzabal, C. I. A. (2019). Preparation and characterization of soy protein films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers obtained from soybean by-products. Food Hydrocolloids, 89, 758–764.
Grossmann, M. V. E., Mali, S., Garcia, M. A., Martino, M. N., & Zaritzky, N. E. (2002). Microstructural characterization of yam starch films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 50, 379–386.
Koskinen, M., Suortti, T., Autio, K., Myllärinen, P., & Poutanen, K. (1996). Effect of pretreatment on the film forming properties of potato and barley starch dispersions. Industrial Crops and Products, 5, 23–34.
Mali, S. (2002). Microstructural characterization of yam starch films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 50(4), 79-86.
Mali, S., Sakanaka, L. S., Yamashita, F., & Grossmann, M. V. E. (2005). Water sorption and mechanical properties of cassava starch films and their relation to plasticizing effect. Carbohydrate Polymers, 60, 283–289.
Martucci, J. F., & Ruseckaite, R. A., 2009. Tensile properties, barrier properties, and biodegradation in soil of compression-molded gelatin-dialdehyde starch films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 112, 2166–2178.
Mitchell, J. R. (1998). Water and food macromolecules. Gaithersburs: Aspen Publishers.
Muscat, D., Adhikari, B., Adhikari, R., & Chaudhary, D.S. (2012) Comparative study of film forming behaviour of low and high amylose starches using glycerol and xylitol as plasticizers. Journal of Food Engineering, 109, 189–201.
Nogueira, G. F., Soares, C. T., Cavasini, R., Fakhouri, F. M., & Oliveira, R. A. (2019). Bioactive films of arrowroot starch and blackberry pulp: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties and stability to pH and sterilization. Food chemistry, 275, 417-425.
Pagno, C. H., Costa, T. M. H., de Menezes, E. W., Benvenutti, E. V., Hertz, P. F., Matte, C. R., Flôres, S. H. (2015). Development of active biofilms of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) starch containing gold nanoparticles and evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 173, 755–762.
Park, J. W., Im, S. S., Kim, S. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2000). Biodegradable polymer blends of poly(L-lactic acid) and gelatinized starch. Polymer Engineering and Science, 40(12), 2539–2550.
Riku, A. T., Harry, H., & Yrjo, H. R. (2007). Effect of various polyols and polyol contents on physical and mechanical properties of potato starch-based films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 67, 288-295.
Rios, A. d. O., Assis, R. Q., Lopes, S. M., Costa, T. M. H., & Flôres, S. H. (2017). Active biodegradable cassava starch films incorporated lycopene nanocapsules. Industrial Crops & Products, 109, 818-827.
Saiah, R., Sreekumar, P. A., Leblanc, N., Castandet, M., & Saiter, J. M. (2007). Study of wheat-flour-based agropolymers: influence of plasticizers on structure and aging behavior. Cereal Chemistry, 84, 276–281.
Saiah, R., Sreekumar, P. A., Leblanc, N., Castandet, M., & Saiter, J. M. (2009). Structure and thermal stability of thermoplastic based on wheat flour modified by monoglyceride. Industrial Crops and Products, 29, 241–247.
Sauid, S. M., Amin, A. M. M., Musa, M., & Hamid, K. H. K. (2017). The effect of glycerol content on mechanical properties, surface morphology and water absorption of thermoplastic films from tacca leontopetaloides starch. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 79(5), 53–59.
Sivakumar, V., Maran, J. P., Thirugnanasambandham, K., & Sridhar, R. (2014). Degradation behavior of biocomposites based on cassava starch buried under indoor soil conditions. Carbohydrate Polymers, 101, 20–28.
Sreekumar, P. A., Leblanc, N., & Saiter, J. M. (2013). Effect of Glycerol on the properties of 100 % biodegradable thermoplastic based on wheat flour. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 21, 388–394.
Srikulkit, K., Bangyekan, C., & Aht-Ong, D. (2006). Preparation and properties evaluation of chitosan-coated cassava starch films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 63, 61–71.
Torres, F. G., Troncoso, O. P., Torres, C., Díaz, D. A., & Amaya, E. (2011). Biodegradability and mechanical properties of starch films from Andean crops. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 48, 603–606.
Vargas, M., Valencia-Sullca, C., Atares, L., & Chiralt, A. (2018). Thermoplastic cassava starch-chitosan bilayer films containing essential oils. Food Hydrocolloids, 75, 107–115.
Veiga, S. P. (2007). Sucrose and inverted sugar as plasticizer: effect on cassava starch-gelatin film mechanical properties hydrophilicity and water activity. Food Chemistry, 103, 255-262.
Wang, K., Wang, W., & Ye, R. (2017). Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. Food Chemistry, 216, 209-216.
Zhang, Y., & Han, J. H. (2006). Plasticization of pea starch films with monosaccharides and polyols. Journal of Food Science, 71(6), 253–261.

Section
Research Articles

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

How to Cite
THEAMDEE, Pawinee; PANSAENG, Natchanan. The Effect of Glycerol on the Properties of Biodegradable Cassava Starch (Saai Dieow Cultivar) Films for Plastic Plant Bag Application. Naresuan University Journal: Science and Technology (NUJST), [S.l.], v. 27, n. 4, p. 27-38, oct. 2019. ISSN 2539-553X. Available at: <https://www.journal.nu.ac.th/NUJST/article/view/Vol-27-No-4-2019-27-38>. Date accessed: 29 mar. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.14456/nujst.2019.34.