Effectiveness of Psychoeducation in Decreasing Depression As Co-Morbidity: A Meta-Analysis
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Psychoeducation is a low-cost, structured, integrative, collaborative, psychotherapeutic, and support-based educational modality delivered by a mental health professional. This intervention is used to counteract the exponential growth of mental illness. The objective of this paper is to establish the effectiveness of psychoeducation in decreasing depression as a co-morbid mental illness through meta-analysis. Aided by CMA (v. 3 trial version) software, heterogeneity and effect size were computed. Seven (n=7) trials met the inclusion criteria lifted from Academic search complete, MEDLINE, Biomedical reference collection, Health source nursing/ Academic edition, and CINAHL databases.
The total number of subjects are four hundred sixty-two (n=462) divided between the intervention group (n=230) and control group (n=232). Using random effects model, heterogeinity shows (i2= 81.69) high, substantial, and partly spurious result. Small effect size estimated as -0.240 and the odds of psychoeducation decreasing depression is 0.647 (95% CI -6.86 to 0.206, p=0.292). This meta-analysis shows that there are no adequate data to prove the effectiveness of psychoeducation in decreasing depression as co-morbidity of mental illness. In the future, research may develop disease-focused psychoeducation in order to maximize its effectiveness. Meta-analysis may be done on the effectiveness of psychoeducation across different co-morbid mental illness such as anxiety or stress-related disorders to support the attribution of specificity and incompatibility.
Keywords: psychoeducation, depression, meta-analysis, co-morbidity
References
Becker, L. (n.d.). Effect sizes. Retrieved from http://www.uccs.edu/lbecker/effect-size.html
Berman, A., Snyder, S. Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008). Kozier & Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing concepts, process, and practice. Jurong, Singapore: Pearson South Asia Pte.
Bhattacharjee, D., Rai, A., Singh, N., Kumar, P., Munda, S., & Das, B. (2011). Psychoeducation: A measure to strengthen psychiatric treatment. Delphi Psychiatry Journal, 14(1), 33-39.
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, L., & Rothstein, H. (2011). Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Center for Disease Control. (2011). Mental Health Basics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/basics.html
Chien, W., Chan, S., Morrissey, J., & Thompson, D. (2005). Effectiveness of mutual support group for families of patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(6), 595-608.
Chong W., Aslani, P., & Chen, T. (2013). Health care provider’s perspectives of medication adherence in the treatment of depression: A qualitative study. Psychiatry Epidemiology, 48(10), 1657-1666.
Cochrane Collaboartion. (2002). Handbook. Retrieved from http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_9/9_5_1_what_is_heterogeneity.htm
Crowe, M., Inder, M., Caryle, D., Wilson, L., Whitehead, L., Panckhurst, A., … Joyce, P. (2012). Nurse-led delivery of specialist supportive care for bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 19, 446-454.
Department of Health. (2008). Health Policy Notes 3(5). Retrieved from http://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Vol.%203%20Issue%205%20November%202008.pdf
Department of Health. (2011). Woeful Suicide. Retrieved from http://www.doh.gov.ph/content/woeful-suicide.html
Donker, T., Griffiths, K., Ciojpers, P., & Christensen, H. (2009). Psychoeducation for depression, anxiety and psychological distress: a meta-analysis. BMC, 7(79), 1-9.
Edwards, J., Elkins, K., Hinton, M., Harrigan, S., Donovan, K., Athanasopoulos, O., & McGorry, P. (2006). Randomized Controlled Trial of a cannabis-focused intervention for young people with first episodes psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 114(2), 109-117.
Gellis, Z., Kenaley, B., & Have, T. (2014). Integrated Telehealth care for Chronis Illness and Depression Geriatric Home care patients: The integrated Telehealth Education and Activation of Mood study. Journal of American Geriatric Society. 62(5), 889-895.
Halpern, S., & Douglas, M. (2005). Evidence-based Obstetric anesthesia. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.
Higgins, J., Thompson, S., & Deeks, J. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analysis. BMJ, 327, 557-560.
Julien, D., Gauvin, L., Richard, L., Kestens, Y., & Payette, H. (2013). Longitudinal Associations Between Walking Frequency and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Results from the VoisiNuAge Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(12), 2072-2078.
Krishen, A. S. (2015). So close yet so far away: The moderating effect of regulatory focus orientation on health behavioral intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 32(5), 522-531.
Lapeña, C. (2015). Suicide and the Pinoy youth. Retrieved from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/524070/lifestyle/healthandwellness/special-report-suicide-and-the-pinoy-youth
Lukens, E., & McFarlane, W. (2004). Psychoeducation as Evidenced-based Practice: Considerations for practice, Research, and Policy. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 4(3), 205-225.
Mason, W., Haggerty, K., Fleming, A., & Goldstein, M. (2012). Family Interventions to Prevent Depression and Substance Use among adolescents of depressed parents. Journal of Child Family Studies, 21, 891-905.
National Alliance in Mental Illness. (2013). Mental Illness facts and Numbers. Retrieved from http://www.nami.org/factsheets/mentalillness_factsheet.pdf
Rabovsky, K., Trombini, M., Allemann, D., & Stoppe, G. (2012). Efficacy of bifocal diagnosis-independent group psychoeducation in severe psychiatric disorders: results from a randomized controlled trial. European Archives Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 262(5), 431-440.
Ram, S., Narayanasamy, R., & Barua, A. (2013). Effectiveness of group psycho-education on well-being and depression among breast cancer survivors of Melaka, Malaysia. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 19(1), 34.
Reinares, M., Colom, F., Moreno, J., Torrent, C., Aran, A., Comes, M., … Vieta, E. (2008). Impact of caregiver group psychoeducation on the course and outcome of bipolar patients in remission: a randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disorders. 10(4), 511-519.
World Economic Forum and Harvard School of Public Health. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Non-communicable Diseases. Retrieved from http://www.weforum.org
World Health Organization. (2015). Depression. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/depression/en/
Zou, H., Li, Z., Nolan, M., Arthur, D., Wang, H., & Hu, L. (2013). Self-Management education interventions for persons with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 22(3), 256-271.